In the study of the Russian language have a lot of terms. In the section "Vocabulary", there are more than two dozen terms that allow us to explain various phenomena in the vocabulary of the Russian language. What is the difference between polysemantic words from homonyms, described later in this article.
Vocabulary – this is the main branch of linguistics. It consists of units-words, with which we can formulate ideas. Making your thoughts with words, we mean that these words represent. Such meanings of words are fixed in dictionaries.
Each dictionary entry correlates of sound envelope of the word with the object or phenomenon which it denotes. The lexical meaning from the totality of the features of the word calls the most basic, those that are considered as similarsocial.
A Word with no value can not be. And here I must say about this phenomenon in the Russian language: some words have one meaning (e.g., bandages, aspirin, trolley, noun, etc.), and some (for example, the fire in the stove and the shower sleeve shirt and river, etc.).
The Unambiguous words in the Russian language quite a lot, usually are terms, names of animals, plants or the name of a profession. For example, the syntax, deer, birch, neurologist. If with this group everything is clear, the second may cause some difficulties in the definition: here we can talk about two terms that are different from each other. This homonyms and polysemantic words.
Words that have the same value, allow us to build our speech clear and understandable. With another group the situation is more complex: their meaning is clear only from the context.
Examples of homonyms and polysemantic words in a careful study shows the main differences of these groups from each other.
When we say a sound set, which in our minds is associated to several objects or phenomena of reality, that we are dealing with a compound word.
For Example, the word "star" to represent the star in the sky, a star of show business, the star of the sea.
Polysemantic words in Russian language – not uncommon. This is the most frequency, common words. They can have many meanings. For example, the word "go" in the dictionary Ozhegova has twenty-six values. Among them are: time goes by (passes), the clock (showing the time), raining (dripping), the person goes (moves), coat comes (fit to face), etc.
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The values of polysemantic words have a common component. For example, this "direction" the word "road": asphalted road, the road home, the road of life, a journey.
All values of polysemous words are divided into two groups: the first – the direct and derivative – portable. Second – a result of the transfer of sound-letter shell words on another object on some basis. For example, the word "hat" has the meaning "the hat" and "part of the mushroom", a common symptom of "field of round shape".
As a result of such transfer may be metaphor and metonymy. Metaphor – is the transfer on the basis of similarity: the shape (bell), color (gray clouds); location (the tail of the aircraft), function (canopy entrance). Metonymy draws an emotional picture (the storm of applause – loud applause, to live in the hole – bad).
And now look what is the difference between polysemantic words from homonyms.
This is another group of words in the Russian language. They have similarities in spelling and pronunciation, but they mean completely different things. For example, Xhosa – women's haircut and agricultural tool, goggles – a device for improving vision and game account.
Thus, the similarity in some way – this is what is the difference between polysemantic words from homonyms.
The Homonyms are divided into the following types:
The modern poet Alexander Kushner has a poem "We and the alien bill", which clearly presented and homonyms, and polysemous words: the differences between the two groups seen very well.
We are on the Neva LiuBoVALis MorMrs.mi,
As they PLAVALi, STIsnuyou icemi.
InoStrafinally named bill
Was near us and all UDIvil:
“You goinrithose that the MorJIha
Well, she's in ShaPochke, wordsbut pilafChiha?”...
“Sorry, – I skahall – which MoskVIChi PhiforLe
LeNINgradant points OTObrado”.
InoStrafinally named bill
Was near us and all UDIvil:
“Let – skahall – to new Yorkka toto takeXia,
Send points toroGIM LeNINgradCam”.
SetthValing words inPSVAly premeyou, who have similar symptom. INRthValtion in thisSTIHoyourreNII neLaetXia the word Walrus – cerealsing severing Mortion JIhereing.bitel ZIMnomargin kuPAtion. Common senselonew part..ituting the knowthtion, – mindtion PLAo LeJYtion water.
InoStrafinally on behalf of the bill do not understand, knowthtion of the word Points. He thought it was premet for impronecktion of viewtion, and in STIHoyourreNII thinRITXia about the account in disputetivtion game. Between LECsithskimi IncorthnoImi of these words is not the gatheringtion. This OMOnowe.
For distinctions of these terms to use dictionaries. Them with a special mark shows what words are multivalued and which are homonyms.
Linguists explain the reasons for the occurrence of homonyms in the Russian language.
Knowing the processes that occur in a language you can understand, what is the difference between polysemantic words from homonyms.
Article in other languages:
AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/7260-polysemantic.html
HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/7264-polysemantic.html
JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/7261-polysemantic.html
ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/7905-polysemantic.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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