Who invented the first microscope

Such a device, as a microscope, before and in the modern world is very popular. Each of us from school days remembers that it was an optical device that magnifies objects hundreds and even thousands of times. In biology class we were looking through the eyepiece on the cells of the onion of the film and was surprised how crafty and complexity of such a device. Today we will try to find out who invented the microscope, since an exact answer to this question yet.

How did the first microscope

The Optical properties of curved surfaces was detected as early as 300 years BC. Euclid in his treatises spoke about the research, explaining the refraction and reflection of light, the result of which was the optic zoom. Ptolemy in "Optics" described the characteristics of flammable glasses. But at the time all these properties were not used. And only after a few centuries they were used in practice. Hans Jansen and his son Zachary was built in 1550 the first model: in one tube put two lenses, thus obtaining pyatidesyatiletnie increase. This is one answer to the question of who invented the primitive microscope. But Galileo in 1610 discovered that pushing the telescope, they invented, you can also magnify small objects. This scientist is considered the one who invented the first microscope, consisting of negative and positive lenses. After this date, research in this area began to develop rapidly.

17th century – the great discoveries

In the century there was a real technological revolution, which became the Foundation of most modern Sciences of biology, medicine, physics, mathematics. Was made great discoveries and great inventions. Just at that time microscopes had improved markedly and have become an important part of every researcher. But nobody really told you who invented the microscope, who is its Creator. According to one opinion, the Creator of the considered device is A. Kircher, in 1646 who described a device called the "flea glass." What it consisted of? It was a magnifier attached at the base of copper, which held the stage. At the bottom was placed a flat mirror, reflecting the light and illuminating the subject. With the help of screw you can move the magnifier and adjust the image. This device became the prototype of the modern light microscope.

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System eyepieces K. Huygens and further development of the device

The Creation of this system was a major step in the development of microscopes. Managed to get a colorless image, which enabled to increase the sharpness of subjects. Scientist K. Drebel in the early 17th century made a compound microscope consisting of two lenses: the first drawn to the subject, the second – to the eye of the researcher. In the first lenticular glass was used, which gave an inverted magnified image. Robert Hooke in 1661, improved the device by adding another lens. This type became the most popular for most models of microscopes to the middle of the 18th century. Another inventor – Antony van Leeuwenhoek – is considered the one who invented the microscope. The reason – his enormous contribution to the development of the reporting instrument. In his spare time he polished the lenses. Despite the fact that they were relatively small, the increase gave surprising – 350-400 times.

The Impact of a microscope for Microbiology

Using their lenses, Leeuwenhoek created his own device and began to study different objects. Now, only one small size spherical lens he saw a drop of dirty water full of living creatures of tiny size. It was concluded that there is some kind of microscopic life. Leeuwenhoek took up her studies, which marked the beginning of another new science – Microbiology. In 1861, a scientist, presented his discovery to the Royal society and was awarded the title of inventor of the microscope and the greatest of the researcher. It Turns out that he – he who invented the microscope. To date, the described devices have undergone great changes. A model that does not use light to get the image, and the flow of electrons, and sometimes a laser. To do this, use and computing. The microscope has become one of the most important instruments in research in the natural Sciences, it is used in chemistry and in biology and physics.

Electron microscope

If you wonder about who invented the electron microscope, the correct answer will be: physicists from the University of Sheffield. The core of the old device – a method of transmission microscopy, which allows to obtain resolution images, limited only by the wavelength of the electron. In the design of the transmission device, the researchers refused from the magnetic lens, as they are in the ground and lowered the resolution. Through a sample helddiffraction of waves by computer analysis of the obtained image. This e-ptychography. With a small modification of the design and some other method of forming the final image scientists have managed five times to increase the resolution on an existing device.

The Principle of operation of an electron microscope

It is Now not so important, who invented the first microscope. Now running the show completely different, much more powerful devices, including electronic. Conceptually they are similar to light. Only instead of the light flux through the sample are electrons and magnets are used instead of glass lenses.But it is blurred due to aberrations in the magnetic lenses. Scientists have found a way to restore the images. This allowed to remove from the circuit the magnets and, consequently, distortion.

Who invented the light microscope? A little history

What is an optical microscope? This is a laboratory system designed for imaging small objects in a larger view for their careful review and practical application. We started our article with the history of the microscope, I will look at this issue from the other side. Currently, such a device need not only doctors and biologists. Without it is impossible to imagine a modern high technology with the current requirements of the control Assembly and product quality.

Tell us about one achievement. In 2006, German scientists, Mariano Bossi and Stefan hell has developed nanocap – heavy duty optical microscope, which allows to study super-small size of 10 Nm, as well as to obtain 3D images of the highest quality.

Brief about the capabilities of today's devices

We are a bit to deal with the question of who invented the first microscope. And now a few words about the possibilities of modern devices. In 2010 of the Israeli Yeshiva University came the news that scientists were able to trace as inside the cells move individual molecules. At the same time, German researchers captured the molecular transformations during chemical reactions. And yet a year earlier in the Kharkiv physical and technical Institute received a clear image of an individual atom. It should Also be noted that in the present light microscopes electronic catch up in its capabilities.