The Tsarskoye Selo Imperial Lyceum first students, famous alumni, history

The legendary Russian institution of the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, began immediately after its establishment. The initiator of its creation was the Emperor Alexander I, brilliant faculty and a talented Director for their educational, personal talents are brought to light several generations of Russian thinkers, poets, artists, military. Graduates of the Lyceum was the Russian elite not so much by birth as by the implementation of the principles of selfless service to the Motherland in any field.

Founding

The Tsarskoye Selo Imperial Lyceum was opened in the reign of Alexander I, and more specifically, the decree about its Foundation was signed by the highest assent in August 1810. The basis of higher educational institutions had to “liberal years” of the reign of the Emperor. The Lyceum was to be the first example of the institution with the European approach to education, nurtured on Russian soil.

The Tsarskoye Selo Imperial Lyceum, from other high schools, characterized by a lack of physical punishment, a friendly relationship between teachers and students, rich curriculum, designed for the formation of personal views, and many others. It was planned that the study in the Lyceum will be Grand princes, the younger brothers of the ruling king, Nikolai and Mikhail, but later they decided to give a traditional education at home.

Living Conditions

The school was granted four-storey new building – the wing of the Tsarskoye Selo Palace. The rooms of the first floor was intended for the infirmary and the Board. The second floor houses the classrooms for Junior of course, and the third was given to the senior students and the top, the fourth floor held the bedrooms. In the personal dormitories were modest, almost Spartan furnishings, furniture consisted of a wrought-iron bed covered with canvas, office table for study, dresser and table for washing.

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For the library took a double-height gallery, which was located above the arch. The front hall was on the third floor. The service, the Church and the apartment Manager was located in a separate building near the Palace.

The Idea of learning

The Concept and curriculum was developed by the influential courtier, Advisor to Alexander I in the first half of his reign, Mikhail Speransky. The main task was the education of civil servants and military personnel of a new formation of the children of the nobility. The idea Speransky was to Europeanize Russia, and it needed officials with a different mindset, having an inner freedom and an appropriate level of humanitarian education.

The Selection of students was very strict, adopted boys from noble families aged 10 to 12 years who had successfully passed entrance examinations, confirming a sufficient level of knowledge in three languages (Russian, German, French), history, geography, mathematics and physics. The full course was six years of training, broken into two stages, each was paid for three years.

Humanitarians and the military

The Main direction education – Humanities, allowed to foster in the student the ability to further self-education, critical thinking, logic, and fully develop a child's talents. For six years was instruction in the core subjects of:

• Study of the native and foreign languages (Russian, Latin, French, German).
• Moral science (the basis of logic, the law of God, philosophy).
• The Sciences (arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, geometry, physics).
• Humanities (history, Russian and foreign, chronology, and geography).
• The Basics of fine writing (rhetoric and its rules, the works of great writers).
• The Arts (visual, dance).
• Physical education (gymnastics, swimming, fencing, horseback riding).

In the first year the students learn the basics, and the second from the basics he moved on to an in-depth study of all subjects. In addition, throughout the training great attention was paid to civil architecture, sports. Those who chose the military, additionally, the hours were read on the history of warfare, fortification, and other relevant disciplines.

The Whole educational process took place under the watchful eye of the Director. The faculty consisted of seven professors, a priest who taught the law of God, and six teachers of fine arts and gymnastics, two adjunct, discipline followed by three supervisor, and tutor.

The First intake of students was carried out under the supervision of the Emperor, of the 38 people who submitted papers and accepted in the Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo was adopted only 30 students, the list was approved by the Royal hand. Alexander I undertook the patronage of the institution, and count A. K. Razumovsky was appointed head of the Lyceum with the rank of commander. According to the post count was supposed to attend all the examinations, which he gladly did, knowing the person and the names of all the students.

Principles

The objectives of the school's Director was comprehensive, this position was entrusted to V. F. Malinovsky, who was educated at Moscow University. According to the Charter of the institution, the Director was obliged around the clock to reside in the territory of the Lyceum and to pay attention to the students and the whole process relentlessly he bore personal responsibility for the students, the teaching level and the General condition of the Lyceum's life.

The Tsarskoye Selo Imperial Lyceum was staffed by the best teachers of his time, all had higher education, scientific degree, loved his work and the younger generation. The teachers were free to choose the methods of presenting knowledge, faithfully had adhered to one principle-no idle pastime of students should not be.

Daily schedule

The Regular school day was built on a strict schedule:

• The Morning started at six o'clock, time be allocated for hygiene procedures, fees, prayer.
• First lessons in the classrooms were launched from seven to nine in the morning.
• The Next hour (9:00-10:00) students were able to spend walking and have a snack (tea with biscuits, Breakfast was not supposed to).
• The Second lesson began at 10:00 and lasted until 12:00 then within the hour the schedule was a walk in the fresh air.
• Lunch was served at 13:00.
• In the afternoon, from 14:00 to 15:00, the students engaged in the arts.
• 15:00 to 17:00 was followed by classroom lessons.
• At 17:00 the children were offered tea, and then to 18:00 followed by the walk.
• Six hours to the half ninth evening the disciples were engaged in repetition of the material studied in the supporting classes.
• 20:30 was served dinner, followed by free time to relax.
• 22:00 was time for prayers and sleep. Every Saturday the students visited the bath.

The Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo was different from other schools is the fact that the teacher was required to achieve knowledge and understanding of their subject from every student. While the material will not be learned by all students in the class, the teacher couldn't start a new topic. In order to achieve efficiency for slow learners were introduced additional classes, and searched for new approaches of teaching. The Lyceum had its own system of control over the level obtained and knowledge gained, each student wrote a report, and answered oral questions.

Often the teacher thought it best to leave the student alone in its subject matter, Pushkin did not force a thorough knowledge of mathematical science, Professor Kartsev said: “you, Pushkin, in my class it ends up in zero. Sit on your seat and write poems”.

High life

The Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo was given another peculiarity – full closure, the students never left the walls of the institution throughout the academic year. Also there was a uniform common to all. It consisted of a dark blue coat, standing collar and cuffs of the sleeves, which were red, fastened it with the gold buttons. To distinguish senior and Junior courses were introduced tabs, for older course, they were sewn with gold, Junior silver.

In high school, where he studied Pushkin, great attention was paid to education. Pupils are respectful not only to people of his own class, but a servant, a serf. Human dignity does not depend on the origin is taught to each student. For this reason, children had virtually no contact with their families - all were the heirs of the serfs and home could often see a very different attitude to addicted people in the nobility disdain for the serf was commonplace.

The Brotherhood and honor

Despite the fact that the students had a tight schedule of studying and practicing, in his memoirs, all were familiar with a sufficient amount of freedom. Students lived by a certain code of laws, the Charter of the institution was posted in the hallway of the fourth floor. One of the points argued that the community of disciples is a single family, but because in their midst there is no place CV...