Catalan language - specific features. Where they speak the Catalan language

Date:

2018-03-21 12:35:13

Views:

723

Rating:

1Like 0Dislike

Share:

Table of contents:

Catalan language belongs to occitano-romance subgroup of Indo-European family. Is a state in the Principality of Andorra. The total number of people speaking in Catalan, is about 11 million. Most often, this language can be heard in the Autonomous communities of Spain (Balearic Islands and Valencia), Italy (city of Alghero, which is located on the island of Sardinia) and France (Eastern Pyrenees).

General information and brief description

In the XVIII century Catalan it had many names due to the fact that it was used in different territories. To this day preserved two more term for this language, – Catalano-Valencian-Balearic (used mainly in the scientific literature) and Valencia. The last option use only the peoples who live in the Valencia community (part of Spain). There is also a rare name “Mallorcan”, which is used in informal occasions (Balearic Islands, the Kingdom of Mallorca).

Catalan occupies the sixth place in the Roman group in the number of speakers (at least 11.6 million people). It is ahead of Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese and Romanian. Catalan language is on the 14th place in the European Union for the purity of use in everyday speech.

Catalan

Writing is an adapted Latin: for example, the letter combination -ny-, -l∙l-it, -ig, which cannot be found anywhere else. Characteristic features of the language concerning phonetics and grammar, are about the number of vowel sounds (in the Roman group of seven, in Catalan – eight) and in particular the use of articles before names.

Recommended

"Knowledge is light and ignorance is darkness": the value, meaning and alternatives

There are some sayings that would seem to need no explanation, such as “teaching & ndash; light and ignorance – darkness”. But some still do not understand their meaning. But not only for such people is written by our article. I...

What was invented by Mendeleev for the army. The history and fate of the invention

What was invented by Mendeleev for the army. The history and fate of the invention

D. I. Mendeleev was a brilliant Russian scientist-polymath, who made many important discoveries in various fields of science and technology. Many people know that he is the author of “Fundamentals of chemistry" and the periodic law of chem...

The origin of the Slavs. The influence of different cultures

The origin of the Slavs. The influence of different cultures

Slavs (under this name), according to some researchers, appeared in the story only in 6 century ad. However, the language of nationality bears the archaic features of the Indo-European community. This, in turn, suggests that the origin of the Slavs h...

In January 2009 set a record for the longest monologue in the world (124 hours of continuous speech). Most pronounced in Catalan. The author of the record was perpignanais Lewis Culet.

History and development

It is considered that the Catalan language began to take shape in the X century, since the earliest examples of using dialect “Preaching the sounds of organya”, which was previously found date from this century. It arose on the basis of vulgar Latin in the Northern part of the Iberian Peninsula. During the late middle ages, Catalan was considered prestigious and was often used in the literature (poets preferred to write on an Occitan), philosophy and even science.

Since the thirteenth century, the dialect gradually strengthening its position to become an independent language. At that time Ramon Lull with the use of Catalan have created essays on the theological, philosophical and artistic themes. Truly a Golden age for the language of the XV century. The consummate and a bright wizard, which is one of the first to use this language in poetry, was Auzias mark. Championship in prose, of course, belongs to the novels of the ‘Tirant White” and “Serial and Guelph”, the author of which was Joanot Martorell.

where they speak in Catalan

In the early nineteenth century, the Catalan language has lost its former grandeur. The reason for this was the social and political elite, which began to use the Castilian (the ancient name of the Spanish). Thanks to the common people and clergy, who continued to use Catalan in everyday life, the language was not dead.

After the Civil war, 1936-1939 Franco's victory and were forbidden the use of dialect in spoken and written language. In Spain at that time there was even a law that a person who uses Catalan, subjected to criminal punishment. The emergence of democracy in the country led to the autonomy of certain areas, resulting in language regained the status of a state.

Spelling

Catalan writing system uses the Latin alphabet with the use of diacritics. Among the features of this spelling stands out the following:

  • The use of interpunct between the doubled letter l: intel * ligent – intelligent;
  • A combination of -ig-, which represents the sound [ʧ] in words such as maig, faig, etc.
  • The use of the letter t, which stands for the following long consonant tl, tll, tn and tm: setmana-week bitllet – a ticket;
  • Combination of tz, ts, tj, tg are used to denote affricates.

the characteristic features of the language

Characteristic features of vowels

One of the features of this type of sound – the disappearance of vowels at the end of words of Latin origin in addition to the letter –and. This feature is primarily distinguished Catalan from languages Italo-romance and West-Iberian subgroup. The languages of these podseli retain all final vowels. Catalan and Occitan have a number of common monosyllabic words, and numerous diphthongs. The difference between the two above-mentioned languages is the reduction of the diphthong AU to O. the open sound

Catalan is different from Spanish, preserving the open pronunciation of short stressed vowels of Latin origin Ŏ and Ĕ. A combination of letters –ACT in the middle of words undergoes reduction and becomes –ET. This feature is common to Catalan and the language of the Western-romance (Occitan and Languedoc dialect).

Balearic Islands

Consonants

This type of sound is characterized bythe transition of deaf -T, -C, -P in the voiced -d-, -g-, -b. This feature combines Catalan with Western-Roman podziemia. With Gallo-romance group, this language makes the preservation of the initial sounds FL, PL, CL, the change of voiceless consonants corresponding to voiced if the subsequent word starts voiced consonant or a vowel. The process of loss intervocalic –N originated in vulgar Latin and stun the final consonant combines Catalan from Occitan and Languedoc dialect.

  • Consider the original features that are not found in the romance languages:
  • Latin consonant-D is sound –u;
  • End –goes in TIS-u (only for second person plural);
  • A combination of Latin final sounds, C + e, i → - u (approx. CRUCEM → creu).

Varieties

At different times in the territories of those areas where people speak Catalan language, under its influence appeared different dialects. Consider most important and where they occur:

  • Sicilian language in southern Italy;
  • A dialect of pathet, which until the second half of the last century spoke immigrants, and later-their descendants from the South of Valencia, Minorca. As for vocabulary, its Foundation has become part of Arabic and French words;

Catalan country

  • The formation of the dialect of Panamco (Autonomous community of Murcia) influenced Catalan language. Country of origin – Spain;
  • Sicilian language, southern Italy;
  • A dialect of churros, the territory of Spanish-speaking areas of the Autonomous community of Valencia;
  • Neapolitan language, country – Italy.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/27-catalan-language---specific-features-where-they-speak-the-catalan-lang.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/44-katalonskaya-mova---harakternyya-rysy-dze-gavorac-na-katalenskay-move.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/41-katalanische-sprache---typische-merkmale-wo-sprechen-katalanisch.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/46-catal-n---rasgos-caracter-sticos-donde-se-habla-catal-n.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/27-catalan-language---specific-features-where-they-speak-the-catalan-lang.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/26-catalan-language---specific-features-where-they-speak-the-catalan-lang.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/44-katalan-t-l-t-l---t-n-sipattar-ayda-s-yleyd-katalanskom-t-l-nde.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/47-katalo-ski-j-zyk---cechy-charakterystyczne-gdzie-m-wi-si-w-j-zyku-kata.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/44-de-catal-o---caracter-sticas-t-picas-onde-se-fala-em-catal-o.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/50-katalanca-dil---karakteristik-zellikleri-burada-konu-ulan-katalanca-di.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/46-katalans-ka-mova---haraktern-risi-de-govoryat-katalons-koyu-movoyu.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/19-catalan-language---specific-features-where-they-speak-the-catalan-lang.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

Comments (0)

This article has no comment, be the first!

Add comment

Related News

The Turkish reformer Mustafa Kemal atatürk biography, life story and political activities

The Turkish reformer Mustafa Kemal atatürk biography, life story and political activities

the Name atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, known to many. His political achievements are still praise countrymen. He was the founder of the Turkish Republic and first President. Someone is proud of the activities of the policy, someone find...

The Myths Of Ancient Greece. Who killed the Gorgon (Medusa)

The Myths Of Ancient Greece. Who killed the Gorgon (Medusa)

Myths of Ancient Greece had an enormous influence on the formation of European literature, and for scholars these works are a collective of folk art to this day are a source of knowledge of the evolution of human psychology. In ad...

Central plains: geographical location, climate, features

Central plains: geographical location, climate, features

Central plains-region, located in the heart of North America. Is a low relief, plains built different types: moraine, lacustrine, loess, and outwash. In the North-East border with the mountain system of the Appalachians, in the So...

Linguistic personality is formed and what affects

Linguistic personality is formed and what affects

In the 20th century – and now in the 21st-humanitarian fields of knowledge often puts a person – its characteristics, behavior, character – at the centre of scientific research. In linguistics there is the same t...

British molecular biologist, biophysicist and neuroscientist Francis Crick: biography, achievements, discoveries, and interesting facts

British molecular biologist, biophysicist and neuroscientist Francis Crick: biography, achievements, discoveries, and interesting facts

Crick, Francis Harry Compton was one of two molecular biologists who unraveled the mystery of the structure of the genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus marking the beginning of modern molecular biology. After this fu...

As you build prospects

As you build prospects

 in the design of various objects often use visual images in the form of axonometric projections. For illustrations of items in small  size (devices, machine parts), such image is very convenient, but if  the space ...