In what way a specific immunity?

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2018-03-27 21:41:30

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Protective system of the body, which Protects us from harmful influences from the outside, is called immunity. The stronger, the stronger the protective power, the healthier the person. There are nonspecific and Specific immunity, each species is equally important. In order for our body in order to cope with bacteria and viruses and not allowed to develop the disease, the immune system must be constantly strengthened. The formation of the immune system, its update occurs throughout life. The article will analyze in greater detail how a specific Nonspecific Immunity. What you need to do to it in time coped with its protective Function?

specific immunity

The Concept of specific immunity

Both specific and nonspecific immunity begins to form from stem cells. In the future, their paths diverge: nonspecific sends its cells to the spleen, the road specific to the thymus or thymus. There each of them is transformed into antibodies, which already perform their safety functions. The more nHis way the immune system encounters a microorganism, the larger the stock of antibodies it appears to combat various diseases. This is the answer to the question, why home, pampered children get sick more often than those that grow outdoors, in the fresh air.

Acquired (specific) immunity – the body's ability to perceive certain infections, it formed a life. Specific immunity in medicine are divided into two types: active and passive. In what way a specific immunity active? Specific immunity is associated with phagocytosis. It appears after diseases or after vaccination, when administered to the weakened bacteria and viruses. Once the immune system is confronted with a pathogen induces the production of antibodies. Recurrent disease, caused by the same virus, will be held in milder or completely bypasses the body. Antibodies already present in the body, quickly neutralized the enemy.

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specific immunity is a reaction [

Passive specific immunity

For the formation of passive immunity into the body artificially introduced ready-made antibodies. So, for example, is used antidiphtheritic serum. Also passive immunity forms the breastfeeding, together with mother's milk the child receives already ready protective antibodies.

Active Specific immunity is the reaction of To a specific pathogen. For example, it appears after vaccination against smallpox. It should be remembered that the presence of antibodies in the blood and their active work, and resistance to pathogens are dependent on the General state of the immune system, its health.

Innate immunity

The Formation of nonspecific, as withSpetsificheskogo immunity is associated with phagocytosis. Innate (non-specific) immunity is passed toM From parents with genes, is it 60% of our defensive forces.

Phagocytes-cells that engulf foreign organisms. Formed from stem cells, "instruction" take place in the spleen, where they learn to recognize dangerous invaders.

Valid non-specific immunity efficiently and simply: detects antigens and immediately deletes them. Important mission and feature of nonspecific immunity-ability to fight and destroy cancerous tumor cells.

How is the protection in our body

the specific immunity provided by [

On the way microbes first barrier rises, our skin and mucous membranes. Besides mechanical protection they still have antibacterial properties, provided that there are no damages. Protection is provided by secrets of the sebaceous and sweat glands. For example, after 15 minutes in contact with healthy skin dies, the causative agent of typhoid fever. Mucous membranes are highlighted secrets, which are extremely detrimental to microbes.

If the highly pathogenic microbes or their attack is too massive, the barriers of the mucosa and of the skin becomes insufficient. In such cases, bacteria and viruses enter the body. It causes inflammation, which activate complex mechanisms of immunity. Work accepted white blood cells, phagocytes, induces the production of specific substances (immunoglobulin, interferon) to combat the “enemy”. Such reactions of an organism causes non-specific immunity.

At the same timeconnects specific immunity, which forms the protective factors-antibodies, directed against a specific microbe. In many ways, the efficiency and the rate of antibody production will depend on, did the body of this pathogen. The Specific immunity provided by Existing antibodies. Familiar pathogens are quickly destroyed. If the collision was not there, then the body needs time to produce antibodies to fight a new unknown «enemy».

specific immunity is a reaction [

Structure of the immune system

Specific immunity is provided by lymphocytes ofDnim: humoral or cellular. The whole immune system is a complex of lymphoid tissue and lymphoid organs. Are here:

  • Marrow;

  • Spleen;

  • Thymus;

  • Lymph nodes.

Also in the immune system included:

  • Nasopharyngeal tonsils;

  • Lymphoid plaques in the intestine;

  • Lymphoid nodules located in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, urogenital ways, airway;

  • Diffuse lymphoid tissue;

  • Lymphoid cells;

  • Mirabiliandia lymphocytes.

The Main elements in the immune system can be called the lymphoid cells and macrophages. Lymphoid organs are lymphoid cells “warehouses”.

the way in which a specific immunity

What weakens the immune system

Which in humans is the immune system? The body loses its protective properties for a number of reasons, which include:

  • Malnutrition, lack of vitamins and minerals;

  • Abuse of hormonal substances and antibiotics;

  • Chronic stress and fatigue;

  • The impact of the radiation environment, atmospheric pollution.

In addition, immunity may decline after surgery and anesthesia, with a large blood loss, burns, trauma, intoxication and infections, frequent colds, chronic diseases. Especially the decrease in immunity seen after SARS and influenza.

We must highlight the children's immunity. In the period of child development there are five stages when the immune system may decrease to a critical level:

  • Under 30 days;

  • 3 to 6 months;

  • 2 year of life;

  • 4 to 6 years;

  • Adolescence.

In Pediatrics, there is even the concept of the FIC (often ill children), this includes Kids sick four times per year or more.

Strengthening immune system

specific immunity is provided by lymphocytes

To strengthen the protective functions, it is necessary to take measures to strengthen nonspecific andSpetsificheskogo immunity.

Non-specific immunity is strengthened, if it increases the overall resistance of the organism. Usually when I say HYou need To strengthen the immune system are due to a nonspecific appearance. What you'll need:

  • Adherence of the day;

  • Good nutrition contents in food the necessary amount of minerals, vitamins, amino acids;

  • ZanMent Sports, hardening of the body;

  • Em preparationS FirmingX and strengthening Immunity, such as beta-carotene;

EscapedMake frequent use of antibiotics, pederivaThTES of a physician.

Strengthening (creation) of specific immunity

Specific immunity is created by a The introduction of the vaccine. He acts purposefully against any disease. It is worth considering that during active vaccination, i.e. when you enter weakened pathogens, protective reaction of the body immediately directed to the production of antibodies to fight the disease. As a result, the body's response to other infections is weakened temporarily. Therefore, before vaccination is necessary to enhance, to strengthen their innate immunity. Otherwise it is likely to quickly pick up any virus.

The ability of the immune system to resist any “intruders” largely depend on factors such as the age of the person. For example, the immunity of the newborn has only those antibodies that was handed down to him from his mother, so in infant there is a high probability Various diseases. Long since decided not to show the baby to strangers in the first month and not to take out of the house to protect it against various specific antigens. People in older age decreases the activity of the thymus gland, so they often become vulnerable to various viruses. The choice of immune correction of these features ages need to be considered.

specific immunity is created by

Vaccination

Vaccination is a reliable way of acquisition of specific immunity and the ability to protect against specific diseases. Active immunity is formed by the production of antibodies to the injected weakened virus. By itself it is not able to cause disease, but contributes to the inclusion of immunity, which responds specifically to this disease.

It is Important to remember that after any vaccination may be a reaction, Small side effects in the form of light. This is normal, do not panic. Have Weakened Children are often exacerbated chronic diseases after vaccination, because of the strength of the primary immune system are directed to the production of Antibodies Imposed drug. Healthy children respond better incidence of side effects does not exceed 2%. In order to avoid complications, it is necessary to prepare the body, to normalize nonspecific immunity. For this approach all of the measures described above.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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