Perforation of the nasal septum: causes, symptoms, treatment and consequences

Perforation of the nasal septum is a through hole in the nasal septum (the bone or cartilage part) arising on the background of mechanical damage or leaking disease processes. Long period of this pathology may not manifest itself, but this time increases the likelihood of breathing problems or infection.

Symptoms of disease

A Small perforation of the nasal septum occurs, as a rule, imperceptibly. In most cases, symptoms of the disease are the following:

• Stuffy nose;
• Difficulty breathing;
• Formation of crusts in the region of the perforation;
• Purulent discharge accompanied by an unpleasant odor (generated by increasing the perforation of the septum);
• A feeling of dryness, soreness, discomfort;
• A whistling sound during exhalation and inhalation by the nose;
• Epistaxis;
• External deformity of the nose (for example, when a large hole the size of the bridge of the nose looks sunken).

With the appearance of the above symptoms, the patient is encouraged to immediately contact the medical facility to conduct detailed diagnostics and immediate application of combination therapy.

Diagnostics

Perforation of the nasal septum, the treatment of which is surgical intervention, diagnosed by examination of the nasal cavity (rhinoscopy) by an otolaryngologist. ENT prescribes a comprehensive survey to identify the nature of existing structural discontinuity, which often is the result of a purulent process, caused by another disease. Along the way, can be assigned to additional tests (blood, syphilis, etc.).

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Perforation of the nasal septum close to the nostrils, often bothers the patient because of the dryness of this region of the nose.

The Deep localization can be determined only by medical examination. Hope that perforation of the nasal septum, reviews of which are dismal, will be delayed and will disappear by itself, is meaningless. Suffering from this pathology people claim that the hole only increases forming in the nasal cavity increasing the void. So don't waste your valuable time, but should be promptly seek help from a qualified surgeon.

Causes of perforations in the nasal cavity

Causes of nasal septum perforation:

• Infection causing destruction of cartilage (such as syphilis, Staphylococcus, tuberculosis);
• Purulent lesions;
• Diabetes;
• Trauma to the nose, frequent mechanical damage left without treatment bruising;
• The appearance of malignant tumours of the nasal septum;
• Frequent use of vasoconstrictor drugs (sprays or drops);
• Systemic disease that negatively affect the connective tissue (renal failure, lupus, sarcoidosis, polyandria, rheumatoid arthritis, Ascoli);
• Intake of drugs administered via the nasal passages (chronic cocaine use causing regular irritation and lead to the penetration of infectious agents that can completely destroy the inner structure of the nose);
• Dry atrophic rhinitis;
• Complications after surgical interventions in the nasal area or the operation by an inexperienced specialist;
• Constant exposure to the nasal cavity of toxic substances, caused by failure to observe safety during the production process.

Perforation of the nasal septum: preventive measures

Prevention of perforation of the nasal septum is:

• Annual medical checkups;
• Early diagnosis;
• Timely treatment of infectious and chronic respiratory diseases;
• The use of medicines in full compliance with the regulations;
• Reasonable approach to the choice of a skilled surgeon in cosmetic surgery of the nose.

Nasal septum Perforation: treatment

At home, the perforation of the nasal septum can not be treated. The only correct method for its cure will be surgical intervention. Today, in surgery practiced several methods of removing the perforation of the nasal cavity used depending on the size of the through hole. Tardy method is used when the diameter of holes up to 5 cm and is held by closing a flap of the mucous membrane. Small perforations are removed by stitching the edges. The correction of larger defects is done using artificial implants or their own.

Surgery nasal septum perforation is carried out both under General and local anesthesia, depending on the health status of the patient and his / her wishes regarding the use of anesthesia. In itself, this surgery does not bear risk; in compliance with all doctor's recommendations regarding oral hygienenose the risk of complications is minimized. The average cost of surgery, depending on the complexity of the case and the degree of skill of the surgeon is from 150 to 500 thousand rubles.

Treatment of nasal septum perforation is not only to restore its integrity, but also eliminate the causes of the problems and following the recommendations of the attending physician for the prevention of possible complications or re-occurrence of defects of partitions.

Postoperative period

In the surgical removal of the perforation of the patient's hospital stay (depending on his health) 3-5 days. In the first days after surgery, there is a secretion of bloody mucus. Swabs from the nose are extracted a day; supporting wall and the membrane strip remain for some time.

To maintain the strip in the wet state and to facilitate extraction of the resulting allocations over the next 10 days the patient into the nasal cavity is required to enter an isotonic saline solutions. To avoid the formation of crusts using cotton swabs should be lubricated mucous antibacterial ointments. The first month after surgery, do not blow your nose.

Useful tips

The Rehabilitation period is to perform the following rules:

• Compliance with doctor's recommendations for care of the operated area of the person;
• Soft diet for 1 month after surgery, excluding physical exertion, mechanical injuries and blows to the nose, and significant temperature changes;
• Prevent the use of vasoconstrictor drugs;
• Diet, the rejection of alcoholic drinks, the cautious use of cold and hot food for 2 weeks after surgery.

The consequences of nelecheny perforation

If left untreated perforation of the nasal septum, can cause failure of the olfactory irreversible and reflex disorders: spasms of the throat, dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, coughing and sneezing, headaches, eye disease, epilepsy.

Perforation of the nasal septum, the consequences of which when nelecheny only lead to health deterioration, is treated only surgically. Self-therapy (sprays, ointments, moisturizing products) can only temporarily alleviate the situation.