Sin is... Congenital malformations. Defect heart valve

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2019-08-14 10:20:27

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Congenital - what is it? The answer to this question you will learn from the article. In addition, we will tell you about what types of defects exist, why they develop, and so on.Vice it

General information about birth defects

Vice – abnormal development, as well as the aggregate of any deviations from the normal (standard) structure of the human organism that arise in the process of fetal development (less postpartum).

Typically, these changes are formed under the influence of a variety of internal and external factors (e.g., hormonal disorders, heredity, inferiority germ cells, viral infections, ionizing radiation, lack of oxygen, etc.). Since the second half of the twentieth century, experts began to note a significant increase in pathological changes. Most congenital malformations occur in people living in developed countries.

Probable causes

In 40-60% of people the causes of these deviations are unknown. In these cases, use the term which sounds like “sporadic birth defect”. This expression denotes a random occurrence or an unknown cause, but also reduced the risk of recurrence of future generations.congenital malformations

For the 20-25% of people are congenital malformations formed from “multi-factor” reasons, there is a complex interaction of genetic defects (often small), or risk factors of the external environment. 10-13% of anomalies associated only with the effects of the environment. And only 12-25% of the defects are purely genetic causes of development.

So, let us consider in more detail why certain people have congenital malformations.

Teratogenic factors

The Effect of these factors depends on their dosage. Differences teratogenic effects of different species may be associated with the peculiarities of metabolism, absorption ability of a substance to cross the placenta and spread throughout the body.

The Most popular and studied teratogenic factors

Malformation most often occurs in those who are subjected to the following effects:

  • Infectious diseases that are transmitted from mother to fetus. A number of such viral diseases transferred during pregnancy like mumps, rubella or cytomegaly inclusiona, may well contribute to the development of Vice.
  • Alcohol. Of particular importance is the parents ' alcoholism, and more specifically, mothers. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can easily result in fetal alcohol syndrome.
  • Ionizing radiation. The effects of radioactive isotopes and x-rays can have a negative impact on the genetic apparatus. It should also be noted that the radiation (ionizing) and has a toxic effect. Exactly this fact is the cause of most congenital anomalies.aortal defect
  • Drugs. To date, there are no such medicines which would be considered completely safe for the fetus, especially during the first 2 trimesters of pregnancy.
  • Nicotine. The future of Smoking mothers (during pregnancy) can quite easily lead to the fact that the child will lag behind in physical development.
  • Nutrient deficiencies. The lack of a number of nutrients (e.g., iodine, myo-Inositol, folate, etc.). is a proven risk factor of congenital heart defects and neural tube defects.

Consider a common anomaly as a defect of the heart valve in more detail.

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Heart disease

Heart disease is a pathological change of valves, the large intrathoracic vessels and the walls of the heart, resulting disrupted the normal movement of blood. It should be noted that such deviations can be either acquired or congenital.

Most Often, valvular heart arise due to excessive fighting immune forces of a human body with infiltrated it with malicious microorganisms. The treatment of this deviation consists in replacing the natural, but damaged valves, artificial by surgical intervention.

Develops When a defect

It is a pathological phenomenon (any type) most commonly formed during embryonic morphogenesis (i.e., 3-10 weeks). This is related to the fact that at that time violated the processes of reproduction, differentiation, migration and cell death. Such phenomena occur in interstitial, intercellular, interorgan, extraclean, organ and tissue levels.

Existing types

Congenital – this is the widest category that includes very different conditions: from minor physical anomalies (e.g., large moles, birthmarks, etc.). to serious violations of individual systems (for example, defect of the heart valve, defects of the limbs, etc.). There are also matching anomalies that affect several body parts simultaneously. Defects of metabolism are also considered congenital defects.

malformation

In medical practice there are three main types of congenital heart defects:

  • Congenitalerrors of metabolism;
  • Congenital physical anomalies;
  • Other genetic defects.

Frequency of occurrence

Long-term studies of congenital anomalies showed that a particular malformation of the fetus appears with a certain frequency depending on the sex of the child. For example, clavate stop and pyloric stenosis is most common in boys, and congenital hip dislocation – the girls.

Among those children who are born with one kidney, more representatives of the stronger sex. It should also be noted that most anomalies such as excessive number of ribs, teeth, vertebrae and other organs, are found among baby girls.

List of malformations

Today, there are many defects. Most often they are detected during the ultrasound examination of the mother. If the anomaly is serious enough, the woman is offered to terminate the pregnancy. This is due primarily to the fact that baby will be all his life be threatened and feel inferior (depending on the type of anomaly).

Eastern heart valve

Let's consider what defects there are:

  • Aortic defect;
  • Atresia, jejunum;
  • Absence of light;
  • Acrania;
  • Bilateral agenesis of the kidney;
  • Anencephaly;
  • Congenital hip dislocation
  • Unilateral agenesis of the kidney;
  • Esophageal atresia;
  • Congenital cloaca;
  • Albinism;
  • VACTERL Association;
  • Aplasia of lung;
  • Cleft palate;
  • Atresia of anus;
  • Club foot;
  • Down's syndrome;
  • Congenital cretinism;
  • Congenital megacolon;
  • Congenital heart disease;
  • Hydrocephalus;
  • Hernia;
  • Hypoplasia of lung;
  • Esophageal diverticula;
  • Syndactyly;
  • Polysomy on the X chromosome;
  • Diverticulum of Mekele;
  • Patau syndrome;
  • Cleft lip;
  • Polythelia;
  • Klinefelter syndrome;
  • Cryptorchidism;
  • The vices of the genitals;
  • Clubfoot;
  • The syndrome of Klippel-feil;
  • Megacolon;
  • Cat cry syndrome;
  • Microcephaly;
  • The syndrome Shereshevsky-Turner;
  • Hypoplasia of the femoral and tibial bones;
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome;
  • Omphalocele;
  • Spina bifida;
  • Fibrodysplasia;
  • Pyloric stenosis;
  • Polydactyly;
  • Edwards syndrome;
  • Cyclopia;
  • Traumatic brain hernia;
  • Bladder exstrophy;
  • Epispadia;
  • From ectrodactyly.

To Summarize

malformation of the fetus

As you can see, there are quite a few congenital malformations that occur in the fetus in utero development. To avoid the occurrence of such abnormalities in your child, the future parents should avoid exposure to factors that contribute to their education. Thus, future mothers and fathers are advised to refuse from drinking alcoholic beverages for 6-9 months before conception, and not to use them during pregnancy (for women). In addition, you should stop Smoking, avoid places where there may be ionizing radiation, not to take drugs not prescribed by a doctor, spend more time outdoors and to take all necessary vitamins and minerals.


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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/zdaro-e/36040-zagana---geta-pryrodzhanyya-zagany-razv-ccya-zagana-klapana-serca.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/gesundheit/35690-laster-ist-angeborene-fehlbildungen-fehlbildung-herzklappe.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-salud/35523-el-vicio-es-los-defectos-cong-nitos-del-desarrollo-valvular.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/health/20584-sin-is-congenital-malformations-defect-heart-valve.html

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PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/sa-de/37313-o-v-cio---de-defeitos-cong-nitos-valvular-do-cora-o.html

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ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/health/6348-sin-is-congenital-malformations-defect-heart-valve.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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