Congenital - what is it? The answer to this question you will learn from the article. In addition, we will tell you about what types of defects exist, why they develop, and so on.
Vice – abnormal development, as well as the aggregate of any deviations from the normal (standard) structure of the human organism that arise in the process of fetal development (less postpartum).
Typically, these changes are formed under the influence of a variety of internal and external factors (e.g., hormonal disorders, heredity, inferiority germ cells, viral infections, ionizing radiation, lack of oxygen, etc.). Since the second half of the twentieth century, experts began to note a significant increase in pathological changes. Most congenital malformations occur in people living in developed countries.
In 40-60% of people the causes of these deviations are unknown. In these cases, use the term which sounds like “sporadic birth defect”. This expression denotes a random occurrence or an unknown cause, but also reduced the risk of recurrence of future generations.
For the 20-25% of people are congenital malformations formed from “multi-factor” reasons, there is a complex interaction of genetic defects (often small), or risk factors of the external environment. 10-13% of anomalies associated only with the effects of the environment. And only 12-25% of the defects are purely genetic causes of development.
So, let us consider in more detail why certain people have congenital malformations.
The Effect of these factors depends on their dosage. Differences teratogenic effects of different species may be associated with the peculiarities of metabolism, absorption ability of a substance to cross the placenta and spread throughout the body.
Malformation most often occurs in those who are subjected to the following effects:
Consider a common anomaly as a defect of the heart valve in more detail.
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Heart disease is a pathological change of valves, the large intrathoracic vessels and the walls of the heart, resulting disrupted the normal movement of blood. It should be noted that such deviations can be either acquired or congenital.
Most Often, valvular heart arise due to excessive fighting immune forces of a human body with infiltrated it with malicious microorganisms. The treatment of this deviation consists in replacing the natural, but damaged valves, artificial by surgical intervention.
It is a pathological phenomenon (any type) most commonly formed during embryonic morphogenesis (i.e., 3-10 weeks). This is related to the fact that at that time violated the processes of reproduction, differentiation, migration and cell death. Such phenomena occur in interstitial, intercellular, interorgan, extraclean, organ and tissue levels.
Congenital – this is the widest category that includes very different conditions: from minor physical anomalies (e.g., large moles, birthmarks, etc.). to serious violations of individual systems (for example, defect of the heart valve, defects of the limbs, etc.). There are also matching anomalies that affect several body parts simultaneously. Defects of metabolism are also considered congenital defects.
In medical practice there are three main types of congenital heart defects:
Long-term studies of congenital anomalies showed that a particular malformation of the fetus appears with a certain frequency depending on the sex of the child. For example, clavate stop and pyloric stenosis is most common in boys, and congenital hip dislocation – the girls.
Among those children who are born with one kidney, more representatives of the stronger sex. It should also be noted that most anomalies such as excessive number of ribs, teeth, vertebrae and other organs, are found among baby girls.
Today, there are many defects. Most often they are detected during the ultrasound examination of the mother. If the anomaly is serious enough, the woman is offered to terminate the pregnancy. This is due primarily to the fact that baby will be all his life be threatened and feel inferior (depending on the type of anomaly).
Let's consider what defects there are:
As you can see, there are quite a few congenital malformations that occur in the fetus in utero development. To avoid the occurrence of such abnormalities in your child, the future parents should avoid exposure to factors that contribute to their education. Thus, future mothers and fathers are advised to refuse from drinking alcoholic beverages for 6-9 months before conception, and not to use them during pregnancy (for women). In addition, you should stop Smoking, avoid places where there may be ionizing radiation, not to take drugs not prescribed by a doctor, spend more time outdoors and to take all necessary vitamins and minerals.
Article in other languages:
AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/health/18897-sin-is-congenital-malformations-defect-heart-valve.html
HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/health/20584-sin-is-congenital-malformations-defect-heart-valve.html
JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/health/18544-sin.html
PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/zdrowie/37539-wada---to-wady-wrodzone-wada-zastawki.html
PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/sa-de/37313-o-v-cio---de-defeitos-cong-nitos-valvular-do-cora-o.html
ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/health/6348-sin-is-congenital-malformations-defect-heart-valve.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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