Memory, by definition, in psychology it is... the memory Properties

Memory is a process which occurs in the human psyche, thereby displaying, saving and the accumulation of material. Psychology definition of memory – is the ability of the brain to remember, to recreate and store experience. This process enables a person to remember events and experiences of the past, thinking consciously about his values in his personal history, as well as to comprehend the emotions and feelings associated with it.

This process helps ensure that the person becomes able to expand their own cognitive abilities. The function of memory in psychology have a complex structure, which consists of processes that provide the perception of information and record it. This is a very complex process in which the accumulation, perception, classification, storage and immediate reproduction of the received information.

Memory

The definition of opportunity of an individual to remember, to forget, to reproduce and preserve information of personal experience. This property helps a person to move instantly through time and space. There are different theories that have their own take on this concept. The Association is a key concept in associative theory. She performs in memory of the received material. When a person remembers something, he looks for connection between these materials and those that you want to play.

Associative laws of memory in psychology: similarity, contrast and contiguity. The similarity is manifested in the memorable material, which is then reproduced through communication with similar similar material. Contrast occurs if the material to be learned, is very different from save. Contiguity is expressed in the fact that the input material is stored for the previous material.

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Types

This is a multilevel and multifunctional process. Such complexity implies the emergence of different types. Consider the classification of memory in psychology.

Memory type

Shape memory is the memory process images formed on the basis of sensory systems. Memory function in psychology in creative process:

• Visual (fixation of images of people or objects, which happened often contact);
• Taste (different flavors that once a person felt);
• Auditory (sounds that the person heard);
• Olfactory (odors, with whom the individual may associate a memory);
• Tactile (tangent feeling reminiscent of people or objects).

Physical memory

Looking at the properties of memory in psychology, it is also worth mentioning motor. This is the view by which a person learns to remember the dance, to ride a Bicycle, swim, play games, do different appropriate motion and any labour activity.

Emotional memory

This memory properties in psychology the following: the ability to remember feelings of fear, feelings, to remember the emotions as well as their relativity to a particular situation at a particular moment. In case if a person lacked such a mental process, it would be “emotionally stupid" (determining the status of the individual in which it looks uninteresting, unattractive to others, robot-like object). The ability to Express emotions – it is the basis of mental health.

Implicit

It is the memory of an adult and child on unconscious information. The remembering occurs regardless of consciousness, closed and inaccessible to direct observation. This process is carried out with the need to find a solution in a certain situation, but then even knowledge of the person, comprehension not be. An example of this process is that the process of socialization the individual perceives norms of society completely, and their behavior is guided by them without being aware of the theoretical principles.

Explicit memory

In this case applicable is the definition of memory in psychology – is the conscious use of knowledge. They are remembered, retrieved when there is a need to solve a task using this knowledge. This process can be voluntary and involuntary. In the last process from the looks of the scars that occurred automatically, unconsciously. Remembering more developed in childhood, it weakens with age.

Verbal-logical memory

This is a memory, in psychology the definition of which is divided into thoughts, judgments and words. She also happens to be a logical and mechanistic. The latter includes the memorization of the material due to its regular recurrence, as the awareness of the meaning of information is missing. Is a logical connection in meaning to the memorized objects. The memory is of 2 types, the level of understanding of stored material: explicit and implicit.

Arbitrary memory

Arbitrary memory – the psychology responsible for purposeful memorization of the image. On the duration in time are divided into short-term, immediate, long-term, operational.

Instantmemory

It is also called touch, is expressed in the retention of information, which was perceived by sensory analysis. In turn, it is divided into choicesyou and iconic.

Choicesa memory

This paleorrota memory. In it are images of some 2-3 seconds after any auditory stimulus.

Iconic

It is a certain touch, the Registrar of the visual stimuli. With the help of her information is recorded in aggregate form. Man never does not distinguish between the environmental objects and iconic memory. If iconic information is superseded by information of a different type, the visual sense becomes more receptive. If the material goes too quickly man happens to be layering of information over that which is still kept in memory, and has already moved into long term memory. This effect is called backward masking.

Memory

Often, when conducting a test on the memory, we are talking about short-term. It facilitates the memorizing of images after a brief, one-time perception and instant playback. In this process is the value of the total number of stimuli that are perceived, and the physical nature, but not count their information load.

This memory has the formula, it is determined by the number of remembered objects. It sounds like “7±2”. When a person is shown the stimulus material depicting a number of subjects, he is able to remember five or nine objects for 30 seconds.

Biological

Biological (genetic) memory due to the mechanism of heredity. This refers to the possession of a man certain patterns of behavior typical of people in the early periods of evolution, as demonstrated in the instincts, the reflexes.

Long term memory

It can store traces of images for a long period of time and gives you the opportunity to use them later in the future. Due to this retention can a person to hoard knowledge, which can then be removed. This can be done voluntarily or with the help of hypnosis the intervention of the brain and memory.

Depending on the target research activities there are special types of this mental process: episodic, biological, reproductive, associative, autobiographical, aesthetic.

Memory

The Exercise comes at a time when people did not even notice what we are told of numerous books on psychology and memory. The perception related to the memorization of a list of products that should be purchased at the store, dates of birth, names of friends – it is all exercise. In this development there are certain exercises more conducive to the best memorization as well as concentration on the development of such abilities. If it develops the memory, along with it developed and other mental processes (perception, thinking, attention).

The Mechanisms of memory in psychology

Known mechanisms memory is divided into semantic (logical) and mechanical.

Logical focused on the meaning of the information received. It is proposed this reinforced the work of thinking. The second type of memory associated with the form of the received information: sounds, words, images. The semantic content of the material when memorizing their values are not lost, but moves like a 2nd plan.

It's memorizing the movements, the text of the poem, phone numbers. It should be noted that in practice it is difficult to draw a distinction between rote and logical memory. This is clearly seen on the most popular reception remember — repetition.

Today, there are plenty of memory tests, which can always go online. On the development of its there are exercises, the most common of which we will describe in the article.

Development in adult memory

Exercises can be very different. Particularly popular exercise are the tables Schulte, which contribute to the development of attention, peripheral vision, visual memory, speed reading and observation. Vision, looking for a sequence number, fixes a few of the cells thus stored place the required cells and cells of other numbers.

The Development of photographic memory

This method Aivazovsky is to watch for 5 minutes on a particular object. Next you need to close your eyes and image this object to restore in the mind very clearly. In addition, these images can be drawn, which will only help to improve the effectiveness of the exercise. It should perform from time to time, so visual memory is well developed.

“matches”

This exercise helps to train visual memory. To do this, to put on the table 5 matches and for a long time in their location, then turn away, even to take 5 matches and another surface to try to recreate the locations of those that managed to remember.

“the Roman room”

This exercise promotes the ability of structuring the information received, while using it also trains the visual memory. You should memorize the sequence of different objects, their color, detail, shape. In the end, practicing your visual memory to remembermore information.

There are Also exercises to develop auditory memory.

Exercises for its development in adults must obey strict rules. The initial exercise – reading aloud. Characteristics of memory in psychology differ in that when a person reads the material that is remembered, it develops its own vocabulary, improve intonation, diction, improves the ability to highlight and emotional his speech. In addition, best remembered auditory components of reading. You need to read easy, like just talking.

There are some rules: you have to pronounce the words clearly, with a definite placement, saying expressive of each word, the ending is not “eat”, speak text, if these words of the speaker, or diplomat, to spread their thoughts on a serious subject. If, following the rules, to read at least 10 minutes every day, you have one month to notice good results in the auditory memory, and speaking skills.

Daily study of the poems is simple and a good way to exercise. Studying the poem, you should understand its meaning and to highlight techniques used by the author.

Auditory memory is developing well due to eavesdropping. Once in place full of people (on the street or in public transport), it is necessary to focus on a conversation between other people, information to comprehend, trying to memorize it. Then came home and heard the talk to speak with appropriate intonation, and also remember the expression on the faces of those people who were talking. Practicing this way very often, you can learn to perceive the text fluently in the hearing, become much more sensitive and attentive to the tone and intonation.

In today's world almost all accustomed to, that they always have on hand a tablet, phone, organizer, where is stored the desired information and which can be always there to pry. Work, peregrujennie unnecessary information of the process of remembering, inability to systematize this information leads to the weakening of memory. A good example of – the scout who can not be on the phone to save the map, the plan of operation, he had time for scrolling notebooks no. All necessary information should he kept in mind that any items in order for the necessary time to reproduce them clearly.

Memory

This is a huge plus personality of the person at work and in everyday life. The study of memory in psychology is valued by the fact that in most professions, it is a huge advantage which helps to achieve at work, great achievements and take on more responsibility. There are certain ways that are appropriate for the development of this process. To remember something, you need to focus on the material in the process. You need to comprehend information, to find in it Parallels with their experience. The more chances are there to make the connection, the remembering will be better.

If you want to recall a specific element, for example, telephone, name, number, you should not rush directly to the Internet or Notepad for the answer. Within two minutes, you need to ignore the outside, to look into the depths of his own brain and try to remember.

If you want to remember something important you must re-create in my head some kind of way about this, a very vibrant Association. The brain is much easier to memorize something original, making it easier to recall the necessary thing. To easier to remember numbers, they should be divided into groups, or to create associations, as in the past method.

Effective method of development is the simulator, developing cognitive abilities, which is called “project Vakium”.

To something good remember, you can perception her to speak, then her telling someone about, so it will be much easier to remember and better understand the meaning of the message.

A Simple method is solving simple arithmetic problems in your mind.

In addition, an easy way to develop memorization is the scrolling with the day's events in my head. It is desirable to do before going to sleep at the end of the day, recreating all the scenes and details the experiences, feelings, emotions. In addition, you should evaluate their own actions.

The meaning of the text involves memorizing. Very profitable to learn the material mechanically, not retelling it.

To effectively develop memory, you should train yourself to repeat all the new information. Initially, the memory will need to be repeated many times, then the brain is very developed in order to quickly memorize information.