Accurate calculation of the thickness of the Foundation plate

Strip foundations-reinforced concrete Foundation for any building. He filled in the required perimeter and can have from one to several strips, which will be installed load-bearing walls. But it is possible to have only one perimeter. This Foundation ensures uniform dispersion of the considerable mass of the structure on the surface of the earth. Must be a calculation of the thickness of the basement slab, as a very thin plate can not withstand the weight of the house.

The Main types of foundations

Strip foundations, depending on the used for laying the material, is of three main types:

• Stone, which includes such subtypes as brick, rubble and polubutovaya;
• Reinforced concrete subdivided in turn into molality and precast;
• Hardwood.

Calculation of the plate thickness of the base of each of these types is made individually, and its algorithm cannot be applied in all cases equally.

Main subtypes of the foundations

There are the following subtypes of foundations.

1. Soil-slurry. Designed for lightweight structures, typically uninhabited. Ideal for arbors and small storage huts. Its installation is possible only on firm and level ground.
2. Sandy. Also suitable for constructions with low weight. You can apply to shield sheds and small cottages. For residential buildings cannot be used.
3. Mixed type. Brick tape with rubble or rubble concrete base – this type of Foundation. Plate, calculate the thickness of which is accurately reconciled, more durable. It is possible to use this type of Foundation for the construction of country houses, with a summer residence.
4. Brick. The installation of such a Foundation is only solid and dry ground. Excess moisture can lead to the destruction of the brick foundations and compromise the integrity of the building. For this type of Foundation is used clay ironstone. He's usually red.
5. Rubble. Ideal for mounting on heaving soils. Usually laid at shallow depth. Quarry stone is of natural origin and great strength.
6. Rubble concrete. The installation of this type of Foundation is made by laying stones of small diameter, which are then filled with concrete mortar. Before installation, you must have formwork. Rubble concrete Foundation also similar with a monolithic type. The only difference is the use of coarse aggregate, stones.
7. Capless. Assembly is performed in the presence of the formwork. To the desired area of the installed rebar, which is then concreted using special solution. It's rather a solid Foundation. Monolithic slab, calculation of the thickness and depth of which are important points when casting this type of support is stable if done correctly.
8. Concrete precast. A similar device with a monolithic Foundation. The only difference is that precast concrete is the Foundation of the plant, and then only be exported on the site. This type of Foundation, in turn, is divided into two subtypes: blocks and pillows that are stacked on the first level of the Foundation and the blocks of the CFC that are installed on top of the block-cushions in two or three rows.

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Special use of reinforced concrete precast Foundation

Construction of concrete prefabricated type of Foundation is possible only with the use of a construction crane as the blocks of the CFC and blocks and pillows are very a lot of weight and ordinary people to raise them will not. Typically used for construction of large buildings with significant weight and implying a solid Foundation. Plate, calculation of the thickness which requires great precision, should be made only with quality material.

Four designs of the foundations

All of the subtypes of foundations are divided into four main types, which differ in their design and the materials used.

1. Pile. Universal type design, but very difficult to install. Can be applied on various types of soil and at high elevations of the terrain where it is impossible to apply the foundations of other structures.
2. Columnar. Is a point on the perimeter load-bearing walls. Its use is recommended only on the stable portion of the soil, the difference of which amounts to a maximum of 5 degrees.
3. Slab, or solid. Is a plate, whose function is to disperse the bulk of the structure on the Foundation. Monolithic slab, calculation of the thickness which needs to be very precise, defines the main bearing load, and it increases the pressure on the strong areas, removing weight from the weaker.
4. Capless. Has the form of a strip in a solid color. Depth is divided into low-depth recessed and that depends on the General level of soil freezing, and the main difference on the plot.

Calculating the thickness of the Foundation under the house

Calculation of the thickness of the slab Foundation for the house should be based on data on soil freezing on the site. You should not listen to the advice of loved ones and especially neighbors, that they poured the Foundation and that the house is okay. To anything good it will not. Though the plots may be very close to the soil each of them will be different. Have you ever wondered why the neighbors are small potatoes and you have a major, even though I watered and fertilized and you the same? This is a simple proof of the existence of different soil in the surrounding areas.

Formula

Calculation of the plate thickness of Foundation depending on the load produced by the following formula: S > γn · F / (γc · R0), where γc – the value of basic working conditions; γn is usually equal to 1.2 – value of reliability; F – total weight for the base enclosed in the amount of the mass of houses, foundations and other loads; R0-resistance of the soil under the perimeter of the Foundation; S – the area of the perimeter of the Foundation, usually measured in square centimeters. You should remember that for the construction of even the most small and light at home, you must calculate the plate thickness of the Foundation.

Tips on site preparation

There are a few basic tips on preparation for installation of the Foundation. If they perform, support for the house will last long and will not require major reconstruction.

1. First, before the installation you must remove the top vegetative layer of soil. With this, you will have to level the ground for construction of houses and to remove the General slope of the terrain, if any.
2. Secondly, it is necessary to ensure smooth drainage system. This usually around the perimeter of the site dig trenches to a depth of about 50-70 cm. This measure will allow to avoid stagnation of water and thus premature destruction of the Foundation from moisture.
3. Third, on a flat plot make installation of the pit. It is important to remember that any type of Foundation is installed on a thick sandy base.
4. Next, make accurate calculations of the plate thickness of the Foundation. This will save you from having to purchase extra materials and costs of funds.

Conclusion

Choosing the right type of Foundation will depend on soil type and slope. The use of, for example, a monolithic type on the wetland will be foolish step, since the Foundation can greatly SAG and collapse from the water. The calculation of the plate thickness of the Foundation, perhaps, can be considered one of the most important moments in its construction. The second aspect is high quality used for installation of building materials. They better not to save.