What is the courier? Field post WWII and modern

The courier has always played a key role among all other species that ever existed on the territory of Russia. She then took the lead, then disappeared for quite a long time. But only unleashed the military conflict and has begun active military action, she again came to the fore.

Under the field email is commonly understood as a special service, which provides a courier-mail service communication troops. The name she has in peacetime and in wartime it becomes a military field.

Why this mail does not use the conventional system of writing addresses

To the mail delivery was carried out without interruption, each military unit has its own number of field mail, which are sent a letter. Until 1942 numbering the mailboxes of military units was imperfect, and in case of interception by enemy mail near the location of troops she could reveal not only the actual number of military units, and even the place of their dislocation. But after 5.10.1942 was signed the Order of NKO SSR No. 0679, outlining detailed instructions on forwarding email in the Red Army, all deficiencies were corrected. Since that time, if you don't know the number of the military unit, its name, clan troops and location, then search by number field email not give any accurate information. Such data are considered trade secrets (military secrets) and shall not be disclosed, not only when there are military operations, but even in time of peace.

History APO

The founding Date of the field email is considered to be the year 1695. The founder, became the last king of all Russia and the first Russian Emperor Peter I. It happened during the famous Azov campaigns. Regular Russian field post office existed throughout the campaign (April 1695 - August 1696) in two directions of movements of troops on the Volga and the don. Worked mail fast enough. So, emails sent from Moscow, came to an addressee in the area of Azov is approximately 15-th day.

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The Name “field post office” appeared only in may 1712, and was ultimately secured thanks to the Military Charter of Peter I in 1716 only In the early 18th century (during the Northern war) to support communications between the capital and the front was laid the line “urgent communication”. “Mail-in shelves” was used temporarily, and serviced it originally Dragoons, who were later replaced by regular drivers.

Following the flourishing field of mail came in 1812, when it was ensured communication between various parts of an army. She also liaised with St. Petersburg, Moscow and rear. Code Napoleon began active promotion to Moscow, organized a lot of new mail paths (on almost every station were 30 to 50 horses, all of which were supplied by the population). After Napoleon's troops were defeated and driven back to the border, the courier followed it and were almost in Paris.

The Role of APO in the civil war

In Soviet times, the field post was given great importance, especially when the country rattled by civil war. It was then signed an order (№ 233 from 29.02.1920 g), which stated that in any case can not delay mail vans on the Railways. So they were in constant motion, commandants of absolutely all the train stations had them connect to any trains. At the time of the post cars were equal in importance to cars with military loads. In addition, this order stated that mail delivery to the red Army not only has undeniable important military significance but also political and moral.

Field post and the Great Patriotic war

During the war the connection between military units, ships, and various military educational institutions, enterprises, and population, carried out military post. In this most tragic period in the history of our country's heroes become not only the soldiers, but the postmen who delivered the mail to active military, risking their own lives. They also had to take up arms and defend your precious cargo, because if the correspondence came into the hands of the enemy, our army would suffer huge losses.

It Should be noted that field post the second world war in a month were delivered to the Red Army about 70 million letters and 30 million Newspapers. The largest volume of correspondence between soldiers and their loved ones who were in the rear.

In the beginning of the great Patriotic war, established the Office of military field post (on the basis of the Main Directorate of communications of the red Army). Also on the fronts and in all the army headquarters was created special sections and parts – the post field station.

Send mail to the front

The Letters continued to arrive even during the siege of Leningrad and deposition of Sevastopol. The courier did not stop their work, despite the hunger, cold and constant attacks. Correspondence brought on sleds, carts, and even just carried in the hands.

During the endless bombing of the capital employees military field postal agencies were working under the most severe conditions. Went through and sortedhis correspondence not only in dugouts and tents, and even just on the ground or a clearing in the woods. Very often had to deliver letters to the recipients, making his way by crawling under machine-gun fire, passing through a minefield. The main goal was to deliver letters from home to soldiers in the trenches, and documents – commanders in bunkers. News from home gave the soldiers the strength to continue to defend their Homeland.

Letter-triangle – news from the front

The Mail delivery was carried out on both the front and from the front to the rear. When the carrier pigeon had arrived, under the direction of «Katyusha» to the right of the military unit, they took out letters in the shape of a triangle. It was news family front, who talked about the fact that their sons and husbands are still alive.

In the Soviet Union, letters were sent completely free of charge. They were stacked in the shape of a triangle, specifically (in this way it is not have to use envelopes, which was quite hard to get on the front lines).

Formed letters are fairly simple: take a rectangular sheet (often pulled from the notebook), bent first right to left and then Vice versa – from left to right. At the same time remained small strip of paper that was inserted into the new triangle. Of course, writing no one was taped (every letter from the front to undergo the process of censorship, that the enemy did not know the plans of the red Army), stamps were not used, and the address was written on top of the sheet.

The numbering system of the parts in the Soviet Union

In the field post of the former USSR used a special numbering system of the various military units and locations. Where should be written the usual address, pointed letters and numbers. The first was the letters/h, which meant a military unit, followed by a five digit numerical series-code of a certain part in the end wrote a letter (she meant the internal unit). It should be noted that in the Soviet Union the delivery of cards and letters for conscripts (as to them, and Vice versa) was carried out free of charge.

Modern status of the field mail of the Russian Federation

In our time field mail has not lost its value. It is, as before, is a key to ensuring communication between different military formations. Now every military unit has its own designation, which consists of five (four) digits and letters (for example, No. 54321-or/h number 01736-C).

To mail (field), the Russian Federation continued their work, the leadership of the country constantly took the necessary decision on its support and improvement. So, in one of the orders haskama of the Russian Federation for communications and information (No. 104 dated 25.12.1997) it was stated that the ordinary letters and postcards (up to 20 g) that are sent from the units and transferred on the territory of the Russian Federation shall be stamped triangular form. This stamp confirms that the letter requires postage payment. Well, if it weighs more, then shipping is done on a General basis (at the rate).

By the Way, letters still has not outlived its usefulness, because in a Warzone envelopes still very hard to come by, so this method is still actively used.