The author's position in the fable. The author's position in the fable

A Fable is a short story, often in verse, which carries an allegorical meaning. The actors in it are often animals.

Appearance fables

It is believed that the fables appeared in Ancient Greece in 6-5 centuries BC, their Creator is Aesop. Name this legendary fabulist figurative speech often referred to as "Aesopian language".

The Spread of a new genre in Russia and abroad

In the 1st century ad, Aesop's fables have been translated in verse into Latin by Phaedrus. Later they began to be used in a variety of writers, from Lafontaine to Krylov, and stories of fables often borrowed from Aesop.

In our country, the genre has proliferated around the mid-18th century. A. Kantemir was the first Russian author who wrote fables in the 30-ies of the 18th century. Then there are the works of other Russian authors: M. V. Lomonosov and V. K. Trediakovsky, Alexander Sumarokov. However, the most popular and well-known fabulist in our country is considered by I. A. Krylov.

Features of Krylov's fables

Wings decided to turn to the fable, as it was the most popular, the most understandable genre. When the writer asked why he chose it, he said that fable is clear to everyone, it "read and servants, and children." This kind of literary work has long been particularly close to the poetry of the people, had a solid basis in the Russian literature. Fable associated with Proverbs, written in simple and clear language, teaches worldly wisdom and morality - all this makes it a favorite genre among the people. What is the author's position in the fable? The answer to this question offers in this article.

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Satyr in the fable

The Satire used Krylov, veiled allegory, was aimed at identifying the problems and "plagues" not only the society in which he lived, Ivan A., but in the whole system based on greed and private property. The satirical thrust of his fables raises the eternal themes of corruption, abuse, greed, ignorance of the machinery of government.

In his works, the wings used a special system of allegories and allusions, called "Aesopian language". It served to disguise the satire. Reading the works of fabulist, we understand that Lions, Donkeys, Wolves and Foxes is not just an abstract allegory and fairy-tale characters, and the specific figures of history. However, the satirical value, and the author's position in the fable is always much wider than the circumstances taken as a basis, led to the creation of the comparison. That is why for many years the works of this fabulist remain as relevant, political acuteness, and in our days cannot be questioned, and becoming a new comparison.

Author's position in the fable "the wolf and the Lamb"

Krylov has always defended the oppressed people from the violence and tyranny of those in power - greedy and powerful of the ruling classes.

For Example, in the work "the wolf and the Lamb" direct text expresses the author's position in the fable: "might is right!" Weak and timid Lamb is transformed into the prey of the Wolf, only because the latter is hungry. This fable is one of the few that starts with morality, not ends. Krylov immediately said, what's the point of this story. Lamb can't prove a hungry Wolf. And last it would be useful to think about what may come in the hour when he will meet force greater than his. How would he behave? As A Lamb? The image of the Lamb represents the oppressed people in General, its injustice and powerlessness. The main author's position in the fable "the wolf and the Lamb" is understandable even to a child.

Political

Such injustice, lawlessness and violence perpetrated on the poor people, serfs and servants, Ivan A. times has denounced and condemned in his works. This is the author's position in the fable "the Pig under an oak" in the works "Wolves and Sheep", "Spotted sheep", "the Peasants and the River", etc. But it should be noted that, ridiculing the rapacity and lawlessness of the entire social system that contributed to the unjust oppression of the masses, Krylov saw no way out of this situation, because he believed that open protest will not help. This was the author's position in the fable. The meaning of such protest, the wings always questioned believed that it is simply impossible.

Ridiculing all sorts of liberal initiatives of the government, exposing them in the form of animal gatherings convened in order to find out more about the Wolf who wanted to be sheep's head, the Ivan A. notes that it is the opinion of sheep on the latest on this "meeting" and "forgot" to learn ("Worldly gathering"). Followed by a sorrowful conclusion - if the power belongs to "unscrupulous people", in any order, you can find a trick to make a "skill" where they want.

Injustice and lawlessness, according to the fabulist, not only corrupt manners, but the political system headed by a king. This is the author's position in the fable. So a lot of his works dedicated to the King-lion, the image and actions which clearly allude to Alexander I andhis reforms.

"Fish dance"

It is worth noting, first of all, the fable "Fish dance". It tells the story of King lion, who decided in response to complaints about the doers of iniquity yourself to go to a place and look at the existing order. On the way he meets a man-a chief, who is going to build a fire and fry it fish caught in the water. And to the question Leo about what he's doing here, Man with arrogance replies that he is "headman over water people" and came here to congratulate the King on the arrival.

Flattery warden hits the target, and the King-a lion does not condemn this Man for malpractice, but only trustingly listens to his false speech on how he takes care of the needs of his people. Here is clear evidence of the author's position in the fable - an allusion to Alexander I, who loved to travel the country and blindly believed everything that was told by his appointees.

This resemblance was noted even in government circles, which banned the fable and allowed to publish it only on the condition that Leo has been described as a just guardian of the destiny of the people. However, the meaning of the fable is much more than just the denunciation of a separate sovereign. The wings wanted to show the characteristic of the entire social order situation, when the king relies on his deputies and indifferent to the hardships and deprivations of the people.

"Speckled sheep"

In the fable "Speckled sheep" Ivan Andreevich no less poisonous sneers at Alexander I, denounces his hypocrisy, by which he brutally and insidiously destroys freethinkers, hypocritically sympathizes with its victims! The author's position in the fable is very transparent, so for political reasons it was also banned, it was published only after the death of Krylov.

Ivan Andreevich, deriding the cruel arbitrariness and tyranny of the Emperor and his entourage, did not rebelled, however, against the unjust system, against the monarchy as such, but preferred to remain in educational positions, believing that the monarchy can be honest provided that is ruled by intelligent and fair sire. As a true enlightener, he tried to improve the existing system by educating the masses. The author's position in the fable is always expressed openly, albeit metaphorically.

Educational function of myths

Krylov speaks in his fables not only as a satirist who is struggling with the imperfection of the state system. He was convinced that the teaching can change people's morals, so in his works there is always morality. Ivan A. denounces the vanity, idleness, laziness, ignorance, boasting, hypocrisy, conceit, cowardice, greed. He ridicules not only those who sought to profit at the expense of others, but also all the idlers and bunglers.

As example is Tresku that ridiculous redrew myself a Kaftan ("Trishkin coat"), of Miller, whose carelessness led to the fact that he had a "water dam was prososal", a Bear who was unable to work and therefore destroyed a lot of birch, hazel and elm.

"the elephant and the Pug"

In the fable "the elephant and the Pug" dogs symbolize people who like to advertise themselves, but in reality achieved nothing. The image of an Elephant conveys the greatness and importance of the person he represents. This is the author's position in Krylov's fable "Elephant and Moska". The elephant no matter who is fawning over him, barking, wagging his tail. Talking to the Mutt, Pug tells her that even though she barks at the Elephant, in fact, her efforts not addressed to him - they are aimed at other dogs. So she wants to impress them, to show that nothing and no one is afraid of, even Elephant. Surprisingly, but such means is indeed possible to achieve this goal. Krylov was able to show how absurd and ridiculous the efforts of the Pug and how stupid dogs who surround her taking it at face value. The author's position in the fable "Elephant and Moska" is that although people like the Pug, often succeed in creating an noise wise always understand what it's worth.

"Choosy bride"

In the fable "Choosy bride" Ivan Andreevich managed several exact strokes to portray a very typical and truthful character. "Whimsical" bride of the arrogant and capricious. She makes her suitors requirements based on unwritten requirements of a secular society that considers marriage as a deal. For a bride even "praznichnye" candidates "don grooms, and renesance". It requires that the suitor loved her and did not dare to be jealous, that is complete freedom from moral obligations.

In the fable, full of live voices of different social classes and social layers, each of which has its own tones and colours, especially speech. Fabulist depicted representatives of various professions, different positions in society: peasants, landowners, merchants, townspeople, shepherds, coachmen, etc. In characterizing some of them use professional terminology. For example, inthe fable of "Merchant" character in his speech uses a professionally-slangy words and petty-bourgeois parlance ("end", "cotnari", "fuse", "ausek", etc.). However, such examples of Ivan Andreevich still pretty rare, mainly used national language, whose wealth is achieved through various forms and phraseology.

Krylov was one of the first earned international fame (meaning the writers). Many of his fables during the life of Ivan Andreyevich was translated into European languages. Now they know and love many of the CIS peoples, speaking more than fifty different languages. Fable read by both adults and children.