The plant "ZIL". Zavod imeni Likhacheva (ZIL) - address

Car manufacturers – the most important part of the state of self-sufficiency any more or less big country. Of course, in our country there are many such companies, one of which is the plant ZIL. The history of its occurrence and a description of current condition contained in this material.

How it all began

In 1915 it became clear that the technical backwardness of the Russian Empire is too expensive for her at the front. One of the reasons of huge losses in manpower and technology at the front was the simple fact that the first line of defense were unable to haul the shells and cartridges. There was no truck, and animal traction was not effective enough.

That is why in 1916 in the territory Typelevel groves laid the first building of factory AMO. Its construction was fraught with great difficulties, as the country simply does not have any machine for the production of the necessary parts. Themselves machines in Russia also produce had no chance, and because everything you need ordered in the United States.

After red October

In 1918, after the October Revolution, workers had to find ways to manufacture spare parts as the supply from abroad was no more. The first of November, 1924, was made the first Soviet truck AMO, which was built entirely from domestic components. This date is considered the beginning of modern Russian automotive industry.

In 1927 for the post of Director approved the I. A. Likhachev. He came to the office in severe crisis, when the country was neither skilled workers nor power to produce any sufficient amount of high-quality steel. The production in such conditions was so expensive that the trucks, shipped from USA, cost 30% (!) cheaper!

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To cope with this, in 1931, was a large-scale reconstruction of the plant. About how large was the scope of work, according to Likhachev, the phrase: “in fact, we have sewn the coat to the buttons…”. While the ZIL factory was still called VMS. Until 1939, the company was able to produce about 40 thousand trucks AMO, not to mention approximately the same amount of American cars produced at the time of the license. Recall that from 1917 to 1920 left the gate at least two thousand cars. By 1939 the plant had already 39747.

1941-45

The War became the hardest test for the whole country, and for the staff of the plant. As the company has released a major products (not only trucks, but regimental guns, shells, etc.), its workers on the front is not called. However, they worked in such difficult conditions that young people preferred to get to the front.

The great difficulties added to the fact that in 1941 the plant had to evacuate to other cities, in parts. In 1942, due to the difficult situation on the front and the threat of capture by Nazis of the production base was ordered to complete the destruction of the enterprise. Saved the plant ZIL only winter counter-offensive near Moscow, the results of which the order was revoked.

Of Course, soon the company remains primarily the oldest employees, women and teenagers. Half-starved, in unheated plants, they had to raise the front of the norm. And they did it. Only trucks during those terrible four years had issued more than 100 thousand!

Postwar

At this time, the ZIL plant has been actively reconstructed and reconstructed. Around those same years, the Soviet Union started active cooperation with China. The results of the talks in China were built the factory, and used in the construction of the Soviet documentation. In addition, the Union was invited by the Chinese experts for training.

The period that followed until the late 80-ies of the ZIL factory in Moscow and increased volumes of production. The specialists of the enterprise participated in all large-scale projects of the country: medicine and space, the army and the automotive industry – all this was done including their hands.

Serious 90s

The First half of the bleak 90s, the plant was still standing. Somehow rescued the remaining Soviet-era contracts, and large-scale merchants still buy cars. In 1994 the conveyor belt had produced a “last of the Mohicans" ZIL-130. It seemed that the plant named after Likhachev (ZIL) is on its last legs.

Since 1995, everything was quite bad. More than half of departments fell into ruin, the workers began to quit because they had nothing to feed their families. Partially rescued the orders small industries, which in other production areas sometimes going to small parties of products. By 2011, the situation is so worsened that the abandoned factory area size was already comparable to the total area of the exhibition center.

1996-2011 years

In 1996 the owners of a rapidly crumbling businesses began Dmitry Zelenin and Alexander Efanov. I must say that they never saw in this post, but I couldn't get past the stake in the plant, which in those years was worth literally pennies.

They First established the normalsecurity system, patched the giant holes in the walls (stealing even machines) and also introduced a new badge, as the old system has long been actually worked. In the first month was prevented the theft of about a million dollars. It seemed that things went smoothly, there were again buyers of cars ZIL. The factory Likhachev, a gradually acquired new customers abroad.

Failure

Alas, Luzhkov thought otherwise. So how to start to make a profit, the plant became too a tasty morsel for “businessmen”, Efanova and Zelenin quickly forced to sell a controlling stake. The company once again became the property of Moscow, which before dying, the auto giant was not completely necessary.

Officially in production poured millions of dollars, increased cost of stock… But things were getting worse and worse, workers again months did not receive wages. So things went until 2010. By the time the plant was almost abandoned. Where in 1939 he worked almost 40 thousand people in the “age of democracy” remained 7 thousand. In 2010 they collected 1258 (!) trucks. The conveyor stood up.

That makes only that over large areas there are workshops that really we invest , but because they produce something tangible. The money coming even from Japan.

2011

This year was memorable for what came said. He got fired is unclear which of the account Director, rejected the proposal to sell the plant, began again to pour money into the venture. Will there be success? Nothing is yet known. However, the 30 August 2011 was finally re-launched the production process began more or less stable Assembly of motor vehicles. One has only to hope that the Likhachev plant will overcome this crisis.

New developments

Given that today there is an active rearmament of the army, the management of the enterprise considerable nourishes the hope that its facilities will be located on government contracts. Given the history and gradually resurgent-class designers, they have every reason. In any case, the government has repeatedly stated that to allow the final looting of the enterprise in any case impossible.

In particular, the company was finally approved in the status of the backbone. This means that its support will, regardless of economic justification. In this state today is the ZIL plant. The address of the company - 115280, Moscow, Avtozavodskaya street, 23.