Buses «Ikarus» more than half a century, carrying passengers, as earlier in the Soviet Union, and now in the post-Soviet space. During Soviet times, the Hungarian manufacturer had delivered 143 thousand buses a few modifications. One of the most popular models, though not the largest in terms of volume, is the bus «Ikarus 280”.
The Most famous in the 60-ies of the last century was “Icarus Suite”, which was used mainly for long distance transportation.
First articulated the model (the so-called ‘accordion") «Ikarus 180" delivered to the USSR from October, 1968, These buses can be found on city routes almost fifteen years.
In the late 60-ies began to produce models of the two hundredth series. They differed fashionable in those days angular shape of the body. For the European market the body put on the chassis MAN, Scania, Volvo. In this series of models were many, but the Soviet Union supplied buses models 260, 263, 280 and 283 and intercity - 250, 255, and 256. City buses all was dark yellow because the factory color was adopted by the manufacturer for the Soviet Union, later Russia - white-red model "Ikarus 280" (see photo below). Poland was supplied to red, to Germany – white with orange front and rear and doors to Hungary – blue, with a gray roof and doors.
The Main factory of the company «Ikarus» broke, but in the post-Soviet space continues operation of the Hungarian buses, descended from the conveyor in the last century.
In 1973 he started the production of bus «Ikarus 280”. The model had more than fifty versions and was taken out of production in 1993 was Shipped buses of this model in the countries of the socialist camp and third world gathered in Cuba of the finished component. The buses, which were released to Iran, distinguished by location and number of doors, and for Kuwait – the presence of air conditioning.
Recommended
Staff evaluation: system and methods
Personnel Assessment allows you to identify how competent the employees involved in the enterprise, and it is the performance of their work – the most significant factor affecting the efficiency of the company. To clarify the impact of performa...
How to start your own business: important aspects.
Many people, tired of working for someone else, are increasingly thinking about how to start your own business. Someone wants to open a salon, someone store, and someone enough and vegetable stalls. Before you throw in the pool with his head, it is i...
Business activities. its essence and basic functions
The Entrepreneurial activity of the citizen – is undertaken at your own risk and independent activity, which aims to systematically profit through the sale of works, goods, services, use of the property. The citizen engaged in such activities, ...
Because Russia has not produced articulated bus models, in 1994, the buses began to collect at the Moscow plant “Tushino-Avto”. The work begins with the installation of the seats and trim are almost ready buses, but in 1996 was released «Ikarus 280.33 M” standard green and white colors. Released the Tushino factory at the turn of the new century, modification «Ikarus 280.33M2” worked on gas. The production of these buses completely stopped in 2002.
«Ikarus 280” - articulated bus high-capacity, with a powerful engine, designed for densely populated major cities. Wide aisle allow easy access to the salon. In the Soviet Union and later Russia supplied versions with completely separate from the interior cabin of the driver and three rows of single seats with armrests. Large cumulative area in front of the rear doors allowed to arrange on it a lot of passengers, not hinder the movement of the passage. Ventilation provided through ceiling hatches with rubber seals and air vents in the quarter, and then half side of the window.
The driver was equipped with a high mounted seat, which regulated not only the height, backrest and cushion, but also the weight of the driver.
Switches are the main devices on the dashboard was located to the left and to the right were the toggle switches to open four double doors of the bus. Dual cylinders allows you to open both halves of the door at the same time. On the early models door was platen, and later – a turning point. If the city bus was a four-door, the suburban, where embarkation and disembarkation of passengers is carried out less frequently, there were two of them, in the cabin of the tractor and trailer.
Bus Model «Ikarus 280” characterized by simplicity, good adaptability to difficult environmental conditions, high passenger capacity and a convenient layout of the interior. Workers operators say they still have not created the bus more reliable, economical and easy to operate.
“Icarus" of the typical high floor location, however, is straight along its entire length without steps or ramps, and two steps at the passenger doors, a few slow loading and unloading of passengers. This design feature is considered a major drawback of the bus.
The Drawback of this model and consider the design of the heating system of the cabin. In the winter the cabin was heated by two independent heaters "Sirocco" who actively consumed diesel fuel. In an effort to save fuel, the drivers not turn on the heaters and the bus was cold.
Could be a disadvantage and weak anti-corrosion treatment of the body, although developers are unlikely to have planned a lifetime for their machines for more than twenty years, including for the model «Ikarus 280”.
During the production of buses 280-th model transmission were mechanical, was leading the rear wheels of the tractor, the steering axle of the trailerprovided long articulated bus excellent maneuverability. The elastic suspension elements were pneumatic cushion. The tractor and trailer are connected pivotally by node junction. In the cabin of the traction steering wheels of the trailer were closed consisting of two parts swivel around.
The Motor was specially designed for buses, the layout of which provides the horizontal position of the cylinders. The engine, made under license German company MAN, has varied and refined in accordance with the requirements of environmental safety. Because it was located under the floor, the exhaust gases in the cabin did not fall.
Brake system was specially developed for transportation safety in urban environments. The Parking brake was combined with the alternate brake system. The engine retarder was as an auxiliary brake. In cold weather the system is protected from freezing half-liter of alcohol a fuse.
The Fuel tank is 260 litres of diesel fuel. Package includes full documentation package, which facilitates not only the operation, but also repair of buses.
To ease maintenance of the bus is very important that the access to the transmission and the engine are possible via the hinged cover on the left side and special technical hatches in the floor of the cabin.
Manual transmission, maybe outdated technical solution, but in the urban winter (in Russia at least four months of the year), ice and groomed snow only it helps the driver in low gear, bring the heavy car on the slippery climb. Drivers «Ikarus» praise the clutch pedal and comfortable gear that works very accurately, because in this model, the drive rod gear shift – this powerful shaft, not the cables, as in later models.
A Big distance between the side handrail on a turntable and the housing of bellows “bunching” forced the driver is often to get the fallen belongings of passengers at stops lifting the lid of the turntable.
In the cold winter in the bus passengers always complained, but it was not so much a question of the design of the heating system how much to save fuel. Repairers believe that the new releases «Ikarus 280" of the stove warm bad already because of shortcomings in the design, because the lag is leaking from the cooling system to the furnaces a second thermostat, which is mounted behind the front facing panel.
"Icarus" - as a landmark in the history of bus passenger transport that to ignore it could well-known Russian digging Classicbus, which produces collectible models of vehicles. Today the company released more than thirty models of buses is not only the domestic automobile industry, but also the most well-known manufacturers. In 2011 was released the model collection «Ikarus 280" (1:43). The prototype is a bus release 1994-1996
A model is made of metal color ochre, the interior is made of plastic. For product Assembly size 385х58х74 mm and weight 0.9 kg needed 180 parts. The circulation of the issue – a total of three thousand pieces.
In 1975-77 on the basis of the bus together with the company «Ikarus» and the Budapest Transport Company was built seventy-seven articulated trolleybuses with electrical equipment decommissioned Soviet trolleybuses plant. Uritsky. Then after 1977, was created a few experimental trolley with equipment from different well-known manufacturers. Sea trials of these machines were held in the major cities of Europe and North America. From 1985 to 1992 he was released about three hundred trolleybuses “Icarus 280Т” with Ganz Electronics equipment for the domestic market, the GDR and Bulgaria.
In the USSR trolleybuses «Ikarus» officially delivered. At the end of last century, Chelyabinsk was carrying passengers about two dozen secondhand cars purchased in East Germany.
In Moscow, in the production of trolleybuses “SVARZ-Ikarus” was used charged body buses. Electrical equipment for produced plant «Dynamo». Was also released a single trolley at the Tushino factory in the back «Ikarus 280”.
The Same converted trolley were produced in Poland, Bulgaria and North Korea.
Articulated buses «Ikarus 280” considered to be one of the most notable milestone in the history of urban transport in Russia. Thirty years they were supplied to the Soviet Union and later in Russia, and more than half a century carrying passengers.
Article in other languages:
AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/business/9657-280.html
BE: https://tostpost.com/be/b-znes/17351-a-tobus-karus-280-tehn-chnyya-haraktarystyk-fota.html
DE: https://tostpost.com/de/business/17355-der-bus-ikarus-280-technische-daten-und-foto.html
ES: https://tostpost.com/es/negocio/17363-el-autob-s-de-el-ikarus-280-datos-t-cnicos-y-fotos.html
HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/business/9667-ikarus-280.html
JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/business/9667-280.html
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/biznes/17351-avtobus-ikarus-280-tehnikaly-sipattamasy-zh-ne-foto.html
PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/biznes/17326-autobus-ikarus-280-dane-techniczne-i-zdj-cia.html
PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/neg-cios/17324-nibus-ikarus-280-especifica-es-e-fotos.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/business/17357-otob-s-ikarus-280-teknik-zellikleri-ve-foto-raf.html
UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/b-znes/17343-avtobus-karus-280-tehn-chn-harakteristiki-foto.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
Related News
Geophysical research of wells: types and application
One of the main issues in hydrogeology is considered to geophysical research wells. This is an important process. Many companies currently solve this issue by standard methods of logging or exploration. However, in some cases they...
failure to comply With sanitary standards of cattle breeding and possible contamination of animals of different sorts of infectious diseases. This, in turn, leads to a fall in productivity, loss of livestock, and consequently redu...
Cubitainer for honey: dimensions
Flowering woods and fields; a swarm of industrious bees on a clump of clover and clover; the enchanting fragrance of the Linden.a Fragrant Apple orchard; the family of beekeepers obmanivaet a number of hives, and pulls out a frame...
Oleg Karnaukh: biography, reviews of his business activities
there is Hardly a person who wouldn't want to get rich, sitting at home and using the Internet. So today you can find a lot of offers in the Network, not only promising a stable income, but also guarantees of fabulous income. One ...
Deadhead with a lifting mechanism: description, purpose, benefits
Work in a warehouse or a special area for the storage of goods or merchandise necessarily is accompanied by a mandatory labor intensive and dangerous work for lifting loads. This process was speeded up and forced the staff to spen...
Road work creates inevitable problems for everyone who rides around the track. The person behind the wheel there is a rhetorical question: "Is this impossible to do?" But one of the oldest suburban roads the issue was framed diffe...
Comments (0)
This article has no comment, be the first!