Classification and types of motor oil

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2018-03-24 18:07:18

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Motor oil – it is something without which no cost, no car. This fluid substance is intended to lubricate parts of internal combustion engines to enable them to function. It would seem, what's the problem? Take motor oil, pour it in the engine and enjoy the ride. It is actually much more complicated, because there are many different types of engine oil, and you need to know which of them you need. Pay attention to the packaging – there you will be able to find some symbols, which to the untrained eye, even nothing to say. To deal with this, you need to study this article. Here will be discussed in detail the main types of motor oil, as well as their classification. After studying this material you quite easily and without any problems will be able to choose whether oil is among the tens of options that are offered in the store.

Mineral oil

types of motor oils

The First classification, which is worth paying attention – by type of production. This is the most basic classification, which allows you to understand the basic properties of a particular product variant. So, first we will focus on mineral oils – if we describe them briefly, and in General, we can say that those, which were obtained by refining. If you go into the details, something about the mineral product can say much more. The types of engine oil can be very diverse, but it is the mineral which is considered most suitable for use every day in a standard urban setting. It is obtained from base oils produced directly from crude oil. To the base and then add certain chemical additives which provide the finished product certain characteristics. As mentioned earlier, this option is best suited for a standard driver, who is traveling in an urban environment or city, using the car almost daily. So if you are considering different types of engine oil and I know that you prefer a quiet sedate driving at moderate speeds, mineral – is the perfect choice for you. But what else have items in this classification?

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Semi-synthetic motor oil

types of motor oils

Of Course, the types of motor oil are not limited only to the mineral options-also you can often see on the shelves of semisynthetic products. What does it mean? Whether to take such oil? It is better than mineral, or worse? In fact, just as it is impossible to say – this oil is not better or worse, it just different. It is created by mixing natural and synthetic product (which will be discussed later). If you are a fan of high speeds and fast driving, then you better suited for this option as mineral oil, as you have already understood, more suitable for driving with normal city speed. However, not only the speed performance is determined by the purpose of this kind of oil. The fact that semi-synthetic model is the most resistant to oxidation – therefore, it is recommended to use this oil under extreme temperature conditions. For the Russian reality, this may be much more applicable than natural mineral product that will certainly not tolerate the harsh Russian frosts. But that's not all kinds of motor oils in this classification are – you will have to meet synthetic version.

Synthetic motor oil

what types of motor oil are

Many novice drivers think that the types of engine oil – “mobile”, “Elf” and so on. However, this is just the producers, although they also should be guided and know which products are best suited for the engine of your car. As for the real types of oil, the classification by type of production, there is only one para-synthetic. Many argue that this type of oil is best, but it is the most expensive. The fact that his creation is not used oil – it is produced through complex chemical synthesis process (hence the name) solely in a laboratory environment. During the production of the product are added only high quality additives that provide oil only the best qualities. Most synthetic oil is significantly superior to mineral and semi-synthetic on a number of key characteristics, such as viscosity, protect the engine, fuel consumption and so on. Now you know what types of motor oil are, if we consider the classification by type of production. But there are also other classifications, which is also worth paying attention to.

Classification SAE

types of motor oil Mobil

It's time to look at what are the different types of motor oils. The classification, which will be considered now, is the name SAE. Is the abbreviated name of the organization thatintroduced this classification, which is typical for European countries. Fully organization called “the Society of Automotive Engineers", so if you hear this name, you will now know exactly what it is. However, the essence of this classification? What kinds of oil are divided in accordance with it? The designation of such a product most often looks like this: 15W or simply 50. Of course, if you are aware of the details of this classification, you designation nothing to say. For this you should read this article. Here you'll learn what the letter W in the name stands for Winter, that is what this oil is designed for use in the winter. As for the number, it is used in winter, in summer and all-season products. It refers to the viscosity grade, that is, allows you to navigate in any weather conditions you can use a specific option. So now you have a General understanding of this classification-it's time to consider which are in accordance with the types of engine and gear oils.

Winter oil

types of motor oils classification

Types of synthetic motor oils which are best used in winter, as you know, are denoted by the letter W. This means that the oil of winter - and there are six classes of viscosity in accordance with this classification. It begins with butter and ends with a 0W oil 25W. What does it mean? The lower the number, which stands before the letter 'W', the lower temperature can withstand this product in the winter. For example, oil with the designation 20W can be used at temperatures below minus ten degrees Celsius, while oil marked 5W can be used even with temperatures down to minus fifty. The types of synthetic engine oils, mineral, have the exact same markings. Just pay attention to the fact that the mineral options rarely have the best winter marking.

Summer oil

types of motor oils for diesel engines

With regard to summer oils in this classification, the designation is built exactly on the same principle – just the name is missing the letter W, which may be a sign that the oil is not suitable for use in winter. Summer products there are five different classes, the designation of which begins with 20 and ends 60. As in the case of the winter oils, the number of markings indicates a summer temperature limit, only this time above zero. The higher the number, the higher the temperature at which the oil will retain its viscous structure and therefore its lubricating properties. But that's not all kinds of motor oils for vehicles in this classification. What remains except during summer and winter products? It turns out that in this category there is also a third type-all season. It is about them and speech will go further.

All year round

types of engine and gear oils

If we talk about multigrade oils in the SAE grading, it should immediately be noted that here the designation is slightly more complicated. However, once you understand the principle, you will be able to quickly navigate in the different classes. So, the simplest example of a multigrade oil – 10W-50. What does it mean? The fact that year-round products combine the functionality of both winter and summer oils. And, accordingly, combine them, labeling – this means that the first part (before the hyphen) is a winter performance, while the second (after the dash) – summer. Accordingly, most high-quality in terms of viscosity of oil, which is the difference between the first and second designation number will be strongest. This will mean that the oil retains its properties at low and at high temperatures. Of course, classes, multigrade oil, there are much more than winter or summer. Almost all of the combinations of the first and second form a new class of all-season product. That's all you need to know about how separated in accordance with the classification of the engine oil. The types, classification, signs – all of these topics are extremely important for any motorist, so if you want to make your engine run efficiently and effectively, you need to deal with what oil to choose. And for that you need to learn another common classification.

The API

If the previous classification focused on what viscosity of motor oil and the safeguarding of the function at different temperatures, this makes the focus on General performance characteristics. Here you will be able to find the types of motor oils for diesel engines separately from gasoline. What the acronym actually stands for? As in the case of SAE, is the abbreviated name of the organization that has introduced this classification. In this case, API – "American Petroleum Institute". Accordingly, we can conclude that the previous marking characterizes the European oil and this – the American. However, it is actually a little different – the fact that these two classifications are different aspects of the products, so often they are placednext on the packaging. So, the oils in this classification may look like, for example, SA, CD or even CB/SE. But what are all these letters?

Legend

To understand these symbols, it is necessary to divide them into two parts, i.e. two letters. If you look at a lot of grades of oil, you will notice that the first letter is always either S or C. it's pretty simple – if the first letter S, then oil designed for a gasoline engine, if C – for the diesel. That's all, no special problems with understanding and remembering this must not be. But what does the second letter? Here, too, everything is quite simple – as the second character can be a much larger number of letters, but they are all subject to the same system, regardless of whether considered diesel or gasoline engine. The letter A denotes the outdated oil with the worst performance. As you move through the alphabet growing operational properties of the product. Now you can fully present a picture of – the first letter is responsible for the type of engine, and the second – for the performance of the oil.

Classes motor oil

As you can easily guess, the first oil will be SA or CA – it will have the lowest performance, and will belong to the thirties of the twentieth century. To understand the full picture, take a look at diesel and petrol engines individually. So, if we talk about petrol engines, then in history there were ten grades – from SA to SL. From the thirties until the eighties were five of them – to SE, today they are considered obsolete. In the eighties and nineties there were oil SF, SG and SH, which can be found to the present day – however, the actual classes were two – SJ and SL. They have the highest performance properties. As for diesel engines, the story was similar, but slightly different. Initially, there were three grade oil, then added two more, and today there are five current classes – CF, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4 and the best C1-4. As mentioned before, sometimes you can find notations of CD/SE and like this – what do they mean? Everything is simple – engine oil suitable for both petrol and diesel engine. Naturally, the level of performance properties when used for different engines is different, so each of them has its own designation of the second letter.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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