V8 engine: description, photo, diagram, device, volume, weight. The V8 engine

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2018-04-04 04:10:22

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Currently, there are several variants of power units depending on layout and number of cylinders. V8 engine refers to engines for passenger cars because they are equipped with sports and luxury models. Therefore, they are not very common, but popular.

Definition

The V8 Engine is a power unit with a V-shaped arrangement of cylinders in two rows of four and shared the crankshaft.V8 engine

Background

At the beginning of the last century was not a direct connection between the volume of the motor and number of cylinders. However, over time, factors such as the increase in revs and power, and the desire to reduce cost led to the introduction of the average volume of the cylinder. Moreover, there is such a thing as a liter capacity. Thus, they connected the engine power number of cylinders. That is, each cylinder has a specific volume, and specific volume value charge capacity. Moreover, these characteristics are optimized, that is to go beyond them in mass production unprofitable. Thus, a small mass models were equipped with engines of small volume with a small number of cylinders, and to achieve high power it took to create the multi-cylinder power units of larger volume.

History

The First V8 engine was launched into production in 1904, It was designed two years earlier by Leon Levasseur. However, it was used not for cars, and installed on aircraft and small vessels.

The First automotive V8 engine with a capacity 3536 cm3 has been released by the firm Rolls-Royce. However, it was built only 3 cars equipped with them.

In 1910 7773 cm3 V8 was introduced by the manufacturer De Dion-Bouton. Although cars equipped with them were fired very little, in 1912 it was presented in new York, aroused great interest. After that the development of such engines started American manufacturers.

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The First relatively mass-produce a V8 engine became firm Cadillac in 1914, It was Nizhnekamsky engine volume 5429 cm3. There is an opinion that its design was copied from the above mentioned French power unit. In the first year produced about 13,000 vehicles equipped with them.

After 2 years, your version of V8 volume of 4 l introduced the Oldsmobile.

In 1917, Chevrolet also began production of the 4.7 l V8, however, the following year, the manufacturer joined GM, the divisions of which were and two the above mentioned company. But Chevrolet, in contrast, focusing on the production of fuel-efficient cars, which are intended to establish a more simple engines, so the production V8 stopped.

All of the above engines installed on more expensive models. For the first time in mass market ' holding firm Ford 1932 Model 18. Moreover, this powerplant had a significant technical innovation. It was fitted with a cast iron cylinder block, although the production of such parts some considered technically impossible, so the cylinders were separated from Carter that complicates and increases the cost of their production. A whole to create the parts needed to improve the casting technology. The new powertrain called Flathead. It continued until 1954.

In the U.S., especially extensive distribution of the V8 engines found in the 30-ies. They have become so popular that these power units equip all classes of passenger vehicles except subcompact. A car with a V8 engine by the end of the 1970s was 80% of all produced in the USA. Therefore, many of the terms associated with these power units, of American origin, and V8, many are still associated with American cars.cars with v8 engine

In Europe, these engines are not so popular. Thus, in the first half of the last century they were equipped with the only piece produced by elite models. Only in 50-ies began to appear the first production eight-cylinder engines or a V8 engine. And some of the latter were equipped with power units of American manufacture.

Layout

In the beginning of the last century was highly unusual for the present motor schemes, for example, semicylindrical, inline-eight-cylinder and star.

With the streamline design of the motors, with the introduction of the above mentioned principles, the number of cylinders was now defined for engines depending on their power. Further, the question arose about the optimal location.

The First is the most simple version of the layout — the in-line arrangement of cylinders. This kind of involves their installation in a row one behind the other. However, this arrangement is relevant for engines with number of cylinders no more than six. The most common four-cylinder versions. Two - and three-cylinder engines are relatively rare, although it emerged in the early XX century five-cylinder engines are also not particularly common, besides they were only developed in the mid-70s six-cylinder inline motors is currently losing popularity. Row layout of the eight-cylinder engines ceased to apply in the 30-ies.

The Use of a V-shaped diagram for motors with lots of cylinders due to layout considerations. If you use a row layout formulti-cylinder powertrains, they will be too long, and there is a problem with their placement under the hood. Now the most common cross-linking, and even place inline six-cylinder power unit is thus very difficult. In this case, the greatest problems arise with the placement of the transmission. That is why these engines are lost in the prevalence V6. The latter can be placed both lengthwise and transversely. diagram of a v8 engine

Usage

Consider the scheme most often used on large capacity engines. They are installed mainly in sports and premium models among passenger cars and also on heavy SUVs, trucks, buses, tractors.

Features

Osnovnym the V8 options include the volume, capacity, angle, balance.

Volume

This parameter is one of the key to any internal combustion engine. In the early history of the internal combustion engine there was no connection between the motor and number of cylinders, and the average amount was much higher than it is now. Thus, a 10 l single-cylinder motor and 23 litre six-cylinder.

However, later was introduced the above-mentioned ratio of the volume of the cylinder and the relationship between volume and capacity.

As mentioned, the considered layout is used mainly for big power units. Therefore, the volume of the V8 engine is usually not less than 4 L. the Maximum value of this parameter for modern engines in passenger cars and SUV's reach 8.5 l trucks, tractors and buses provide more bulk power assemblies (up to 24 l).engine size v8

Capacity

This characteristic of the V8 engine can be determined on the basis of specific litre capacity. For petrol atmospheric engine it is 100 HP Thus, 4 l engine has a capacity of around 400 HP Therefore, the options higher volume more powerful. In the case of some engines, especially naturally aspirated, liter capacity is greatly increased.

Camber Angle

This parameter is relevant only for engines of a V-shaped layout. It is understood as the angle between the cylinder banks. For most power units it is 90°. The prevalence of such arrangement of the cylinders, due to the fact that it allows to achieve low vibration and optimal ignition of the mixture and create the low and wide engine. The latter is beneficial to handling, as this power unit contributes to lowering the center of gravity.engine repair v8

Some rarer motors with angle 60º. Much smaller engines with even more minimal corner. This reduces the width of the engine, but such options difficult to extinguish vibration.

There are engines and the deployed angle of the cylinders (180º). That is, their cylinders arranged in a horizontal plane, and the pistons move towards each other. However, such motors are called not V-shaped and boxer and denoted by the letter B. They provide a very low center of gravity which these engines are installed mainly on the sports models. However, they are very wide, so boxer engines are rare due to the difficulty of placement.

Vibration

These phenomena are in any case manifested during the work of reciprocating internal combustion engines. However, the designers seek to minimize them, because they not only affect the comfort, but if it is excessive it can lead to damage and destruction of the engine.

When it is functioning are multi-directional forces and moments. To reduce vibrations you need to balance them. One solution for this is designing the engine so that the moments and forces were equal and multidirectional. On the other hand, it is sufficient to modify only the crankshaft. So, you can change the location of its main journals and the counterweights or use balancer shafts of the compensatory.

Balance

First of all, it should be noted that among the common engines are balanced only two types-inline and boxer, and the six-cylinder. Motors of other configurations vary for this indicator.

As for the V8, they are very well balanced, and especially the options from the right angle collapse of the cylinders and arranged in perpendicular planes joints. Additionally, given the smoothness due to the possibility ensure uniform alternation of outbreaks. These motors have only two unbalanced moment on the cheeks of the extreme cylinders, which can be fully compensated by two counterweights on the crankshaft.
feature of the v8 engine

Advantages

V-shaped engines differ from engines with inline layout high torque. This contributes to the scheme of the V8 engine. Unlike inline motor where the direction of the forces directly perpendicular to that in the engine they work on the shaft with two sides tangent. This creates a much larger inertia, giving the shaft a dynamic acceleration.

In addition, the crankshaft V8 has high rigidity. That is, this element is stronger, therefore more durable and effective when working on the maximum modes.And also this extends the range of operating frequencies of the engine and makes it faster to gain momentum.

Finally, the V-type engines are more compact in comparison with inline. And they are not only shorter, but below that picture of the V8 engine.

Disadvantages

The Motors in question layout are of complex design, which leads to high cost. In addition, at relatively small length and height as they are wide. Also the weight of the V8 engine is large (150 to 200 kg), which causes problems with weight distribution. Therefore, they are not mounted on small vehicles. In addition, these motors have a significant level of vibration and difficult to balance. Finally, they are costly to operate. Firstly it is due to the fact that the device of the V8 engine is very complex. Besides, he has a great amount of detail. Therefore, the repair of the V8 engine is complex and expensive. Second, such motors are characterized by high fuel consumption.

photo of the v8 engine

Modern development

In the development of all internal combustion engines in recent years there has been a tendency to increase effectiveness, efficiency. This is achieved by reducing the amount and application of various systems such as direct fuel injection, turbocharging, variable valve timing, etc. This led to the fact that large engines, including V8, gradually losing popularity. Big motors are now replaced by turbocharged engines smaller volume. This has particularly affected versions V12 and V10, which is replaced by a supercharged V8, and the last — on V6. That is, the average volume of the motors is reduced, in part because of the growth efficiency, an indicator of which is liter capacity.
However, in sports and luxury cars still use a big powerful powertrains. Moreover, their performance also increased significantly in comparison with the past through the use of modern technologies.

Perspectives

Despite the prospects of replacing the internal combustion engine, electric and other environmentally friendly engines, they are still not lost its relevance. The particular V-shaped variants are considered very promising. To date, designers have developed ways to address the shortcomings. Besides, in their opinion, the potential for such power units is not fully disclosed, so they just upgrade.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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