How to check starter on the performance with their hands?

The Starter essential for any car — with the help of the engine start. But since it is a power machine, as by jamming of the rotor current can increase up to 700 And then it often fails. And every driver should know how to check the starter on the performance of their own. And the most important thing in this case — to observe safety precautions, because over-heating elements can ignite.

Starting System engine

Every car has two energy sources-the generator and battery. The first is used to charge battery and power all the electrical on the car while the engine is running. The same battery used to power vehicle systems without running the engine. But most importantly — it takes the necessary for the cranking current to the starter. In this work the fuel injection and ignition. All these mechanisms and devices operate as synchronous as possible, allowing the engine to run very quickly.

For injection motors are normal start time — 0.8 sec. And if this time is more, then you will need to fully diagnose the system. It is necessary to know how to check the starter for proper operation.

The VAZ-2110, like most other car requires timely replacement of components of the starter. Brushes and bushings under the action of friction forces and high current worn out, covered with a layer of soot. This increases the current consumption of windings, several times.

Design Features starters

Any starter used in cars, built on the classical scheme of a DC motor with parallel excitation. The design consists of the following assemblies and parts:

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1. Aluminum housing.
2. Front and back cover.
3. The Stator winding.
4. Rotor with excitation winding.
5. Copper-graphite brushes.
6. The Bendix.
7. One way clutch.
8. Gear.
9. Bushings in the front and back covers.
10. Retractor relay.

An Important element — is a retractor relay, it performs two functions — produces a switching of the power contacts and enters into a meshing pinion on the overrunning clutch with the flywheel ring. Sleeves is transmitted to the negative supply to the field winding of the rotor. And yet, thanks to these bushings, made of an alloy of copper, ensures minimal friction, which increases the efficiency of the mechanism.

How to remove the starter from the vehicle?

As to check the operability of starter removed much easier than is installed on the car, you will need to dismantle. For this you will need a set of wrenches, screwdrivers. In General terms, the procedure looks like this:

1. Disconnect battery negative cable. Please note that the starter fits a thick power wire, there is no any protection (fuse). So the short-term contact of the wire with the body of the car can cause overheating and battery explosion. Be vigilant and always observe safety precautions!
2. On the retractor relay has three output — two power (thick wire nuts screwed) and one for fine control winding. First pull a plug wire connection control.
3. Key “13” twisting the nut, which is attached to the power wire going from the battery to the contact on the retractor relay.
4. The Next step — remove all the bolts fastening the starter. They are usually 2-3 pieces at the most. But there are small nuances from different cars. So, VAZ 2101 - 2107 lower bolt is difficult to reach, remove it only by using head, extension, and universal joint.

After removing the starter, be sure to perform a visual examination to identify mechanical damage. On the body should not be dents, cracks, holes — this may cause damage to the windings, the ingress of dust and water.

Diagnostics retractor relay

Just need to verify the retractor relay:

• To do this, remove it by loosening with a screwdriver bolts.
• Key “13” twisting the nut, which is attached to the lower relay contact to the output coil.
• Installs inside the solenoid the plunger with a spring, hold with a hand, lest he fell.
• It Should apply voltage to output the pull-in coil. If the core is not involved, then the relay is faulty, its easier to replace. But if involved, it can be judged that the winding is in good condition.

Here's how to check the efficiency of a starter VAZ-2109 and any other vehicle with your own hands. Very often, the failure lies in the traction relay.

If not run the starter wasn't making any sounds, it says that there may be a breakdown in law enforcement contacts. You need to use a simple probe for a continuity test.

Connect a multimeter to the power contacts of the traction relay, fully press the core inside the hands or by submitting to the coil current. If the multimeter shows that there is a contact, the solenoid is completely properly, you will need to look for damage inside the starter.

Faulty rotor winding

The Simplest wayinspect the starter — is supplied with current from the battery directly to the power contact to the bypass solenoid. This will allow you to know how behaves the motor, does it show any signs of life.

But before you check the health of starter from battery, try to use only the thick copper stranded wires of a good insulation.

If it does not rotate the rotor, you will have to check it. He most likely these faults:

1. Dirty lamella — the contacts that transfer current to the rotor winding. For getting rid of such a failure is enough to clear a thin blade knife between the contacts.
2. There is a short circuit — broken insulation winding, whereby the wire is electrically connected with the metal rotor.
3. You receive winding short circuit — to identify the damage to the hardest to diagnose, you need to use a megger. A multimeter to make the test impossible.

The easiest way to repair is to install a new rotor. To make a rewind coil is problematic as it is difficult to find a suitable wire.

Faulty stator

The Stator is the stationary part of the winding which consists of four parts. The thick wire is used to provide maximum torque. Before the test removed the starter for proper operation, make sure that the windings are not shorted to the case. This can be done with a simple multimeter. Put it in the mode “continuity” and check whether there is contact between the ends of the stator windings and the housing.

If no contact, then make sure that there is no open windings. Breakage in General are the same as those of the rotor, meaning there is no rewinding, it is easier to replace the stator with a known good. But if the starter 90% of the items require replacement, it is better to buy new in the collection — it's a bit more expensive but you will not have to sort through all the cogs.

Faulty brushes and bushings

Using the brush passes the current to the rotor winding of the starter. All four stator windings are connected in series-parallel, as shown in the diagram below.

If it's a damaged one stator winding, the power to the rotor will not move fully. And if there's a faulty brush, then power to the excitation winding is not received. So how do I check the starter on the performance of the battery does not work, remove the back cover and brush Assembly.

If there is excessive wear, install new brushes — they are sold separately, you can buy them in any store. It is desirable to replace the sleeve, because as they wear, they take the form of an ellipse. This significantly increases the friction. Also increases the current consumption due to bad contact. The old bushing out of the rear cover with a hammer and mandrel of the correct size.

The Bendix and overrunning clutch

The overrunning clutch is a device that allows you to rotate the drive gear in one direction only. The fault of this node is characterized by the fact that the starter spins very quickly, a sound is heard, with which the pinion meshes with the crown, but the rotation of the crankshaft does not occur.

Using the Bendix is moving the clutch and gears along the axis of the rotor. The rotor has helical splines. The Bendix is driven by a retractor relay.

Other failure of the system startup

Now, when disassembled all the damage and find out how to check the starter for proper operation, it is possible to mention one feature. The fact that very often the wreath of a flywheel wear out and the engine start becomes impossible — starter gear catches the teeth. You can fix it for free, you just have to take the box speed to shoot down the aisle, to warm it and install the opposite side to the flywheel.