Idiom - what is it and where used? Idioms of the Russian language

It is Difficult to imagine a speech which would not sound such pearls as sayings, idioms. This richness of any language, its decoration. The study of fixed expressions is dedicated to a branch of linguistics-phraseology.

What is an idiom?

Scholars in a great number of vivid and unique expressions define three types of turns: phraseological combinations, of unity and fusion. The last – this is an idiom. What is fusion? This idiom, which semantically is not divided, i.e., its value is not derived from the meaning of its constituent words. Many of the components of the idiom constitute already an old form, or meaning, now is not clear.

Quite a bright example is the expression “slack”. It is used when they want to announce that someone is idle, hardly thinking what backlash and why is it necessary to beat. In the old days it was quite an easy job requiring no qualifications or special skills, even to a child, a piece of wood split into billets from which the master then produced various household utensils for example wooden spoons.

The Term “idiom” is translated from the Greek as "feature, peculiarity, special circulation." By the way, what idiom is well illustrated by the attempt of a literal translation of those turnovers into foreign languages. It is impossible to do: as they say, is untranslatable play on words.

Using idioms in literature

It is Difficult to imagine any work, which would not have been used idioms. Literary speech without their use becomes pale and somehow artificial. Idioms of the Russian language so organically live in it, sometimes not even noticed at the time of use.

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Try to imagine a dialogue in which one person telling another about the material prosperity of some third party, how long would describe as the rich. Most often it would be expressed briefly and succinctly: “Yes, he had money to burn”, as, for example, makes the heroine of Alexander Ostrovsky in the play ‘Its people – hit”.

Found this expression and Chekhov, and Ivan Shmelev's, and other classics and writers. And this, of course, not the only such a common idiom. The examples are endless.

The Most important characteristic of idioms is their metaphorical, figurative. Academician N. M. Shansky even gave them a definition of how the ‘miniature works of art”. Can fully exist without them, major creation?

Using the idioms in the media

Modern Newspapers and magazines are trying to give the presentation of their material expressiveness, expressiveness. Media language is enriched with the ability steady speed not only to identify an object or phenomenon, but to show them the author's assessment. This “works” emotional phraseology. Their functional and stylistic quality are widely used in various genres of journalism.

Idioms of the Russian language In the field of media "afford" to swap their constituent words, and add or subtract them, that by and large contradict the scientific point of view on the structure of the phraseological units. This is done to gain the required experience.

So, the press can meet “advanced” idioms such as “ignite serious passions" is established “fan the flame”, “a good lather neck” – “lather neck”. The phrase “he went through fire and water” you can meet no end words "copper tube”.

The more ingenious uses journalist idioms, the more catchy material he gets, and the more adequate will be the reader's reaction to it.

The Use of idioms in colloquial speech

Have a stable lexical revolutions as words, the main feature is that they are able to name objects and their characteristics, phenomena and States as well as actions. Idioms of the Russian language Can be replaced by one word, and Vice versa. So, in colloquial speech more often instead of the word “carelessly” found in stable expression “carelessly”. If you want to stress a small amount of something, instead of the word “little” rather you will hear “less than nothing” or “next to nothing”. Bewilder-to confuse, like (not like) - like (not like). You can cite many examples of idioms when they are in competition with real words wins.

Sounds Much livelier conversation, if, in describing someone's bravery, the parties agree that he was “not the timid”; that somebody had done their job, not something like, “jobs”; and someone else dressed in a suit «brand-new”, meaning new, and after talking, go ‘bite" instead of the banal “bite”.

The Role of idioms in the Russian language

Idioms in our vocabulary have a special place. Idioms of the Russian language are widely used as in the epic works of folklore, classical and modern literature, being a very important tool of their creation, and in the media and everyday speech.

They meet at every step, and it is therefore interesting to know their origin and must – meaning. This will provide the ability to intelligently and place to use them, enriching and making it more colorful with their talking. Besides, this knowledge will help you better understand a variety of literary texts.

The Role of idioms in our language is big enough because thanks to them, it is possible to vividly Express their attitude to this or that event or phenomenon, “incorporating” the figurative sense.

You Can still call and laconical speech. Idiom by reducing it, as if squeezing, gives it greater vigour.

The Role of idioms in foreign languages

Idioms – the richness of the Russian vocabulary. However, this language layer is sufficiently inherent in the other systems. Extremely interesting to see the Chinese idioms Which is one of the deepest legacies of the culture and traditions of this country. In the corresponding dictionary there are about 14 thousand.

The Chinese Equivalent idioms in other languages quite difficult, because at their core is often a national legend or historical fact.

Similarly, a substantial part of the English lexicon represent the idioms of the English language. With translation, As well as from Russian into foreign, here, too, difficulties arise. As an example, classic expressions can allow the English phrase It’s raining cats and dogs, which literally translates as "raining cats and dogs». This is an analogue of Russian idioms "raining cats and dogs».

As in our language, in English phraseological seam is used in different speech styles and different literary genres.

Conclusion

Some of their phraseological fusions are used quite often, others-less, but each of them – is a speck of "gold reserve" national language and national history.

Particularly noteworthy Chinese idioms, because they not only emphasize the “soaring” expression, but are carriers of the traditional culture of China, which is particularly valued human qualities such as wisdom, honesty, and loyalty, propriety, and friendliness. This is the main content of the phraseological units of China.

Seeing that this idiom can conclude that it is the wisdom of a people assembled in its history and preserved up to our days. The presence of shaped steady speed gives any language depth and special meaning.