Portuguese port is a unique fortified wine of high quality with a rich history, with many varieties and unique flavor characteristics. Currently, the port wine from Portugal has many admirers around the world. All the features and the origin of this wine beverage will discuss in detail in the article.
Many experts believe that the history of Portuguese port began thanks to the efforts of the count and leading commander of Henry of Burgundy. He lived in the XI century in the County of Portucale and began cultivating vineyards. But the wine still turned out rough, red, dry, and had high acidity.
In the first half of the eighteenth century a momentous event occurred. After failing to reach consensus, the two great powers - Britain and France - have imposed sanctions on products from each other. A heavy blow to the British was the ban on the importation of French wines, which anciently distinguished by excellent quality.
Thus, the British began to look for another wine vendor, and drew attention to Portugal. After the conclusion of advantageous trade agreements with Portuguese wine began its way to England.
It is Worth noting that in the process of transportation, the wine spoiled and was often unfit for consumption. So local winemakers began to add to the wine some brandy. By this stratagem the shelf life of the drink increased significantly. Thus began the establishment and development of Portuguese port wine from Porto.
Finally the style and technology of the port is determined only at the end of the XIX century. Currently, the drink is a matter of national pride to all the Portuguese. It is popular not only in Portugal but throughout the world.
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At the moment, the export of Portuguese port wine is well established, so it's easy to purchase any alcoholic beverages store in our country. It should be noted that the port wine from Portugal has a category name, which is controlled by origin. Therefore, the quality of this wine beverage always remains at a high level and consistently happy customers.
Portuguese port is produced only in the territory, which was limited by the king's decree in the second half of the XVIII century. The wine-growing region begins near the city of Oporto and stretches along the bed of the deep river Douro. Its area is bounded by wooden pillars, as a monument of history happy to show the tourists.
Is Worth special attention is the fact that the difficult mountainous terrain, changeable weather conditions, the presence of shale in the soils and landslides forced the Portuguese to artificially create the right conditions for growing grapes. It originated as unique local landscapes from carefully delineated the terraces that climb the slopes along the river. Some of these vines grow at an altitude of about 800 meters above sea level.
At the moment, the production of Portuguese port wine (Porto) occurs with the use of modern equipment. Although some wineries still produce wine using traditional methods. For this they use a special Chan with a depth of just over half a meter and it crushed the grapes with their feet.
The fermentation Process the resulting basic product is not more than three days. Then add the alcohol, the fortress which is over seventy percent. The entire cycle is performed by winemakers in well-adjusted proportions, which was age-old check.
Next, the resulting product is poured into barrels where it stays for the whole winter. In order to avoid the accumulation of sediment on the bottom, drink wine periodically subjected to transfusion in other oak barrels.
Then the resulting product is transported to the city, which is located on the Atlantic ocean in Vila Nova de Gaia. In his wine cellars fortified wine is checked by the engineers and is divided into types.
Early oak barrels with the future of the port is transported on the rough river in ships, so as not to disturb the drink jolting on bad roads. At the moment for this purpose equipped and modern trucks.
All manufacturers of port are obliged to strictly observe the technology of production of the drink, which requires that the port wine is matured in oak barrels for several years and then was poured into bottles. Some types of port wine continues to evolve in the bottle. A complete classification of the beverage will discuss in the next Chapter.
Classification of port wines is very complicated and contains many criteria. First, all port wines spend mandatory three-year aging in oak barrels. Then an experienced technician monitors the quality of the drink and splits it into types.
Also do not forget thatPortuguese port wine is a product which is obtained by the so-called assemblage - a process of mixing a few wine beverages. Consider the most popular classification of port wine, which is based on the method of exposure.
Tawny is the most common form of wine beverage in Portugal. It has an amber color and aroma with nutty notes. This type of port more than two years aged in oak barrels.
There is Also port marked as Old Towny. They represent a mix of wine aged in oak barrels from ten to forty years.
Colheita is a port, which is obtained from the drinks labeled Towny, but with high taste characteristics. Fortified wines of this category are selected by the expert and further matured under supervision. The Colheita port is blended only with the harvest one year.
Branco - cheap port wine, which is obtained from the young fortified wine and has a rich aroma of ripe fruit. It is produced from white grape varieties.
Lagrima is a young wine from white grapes. It differs from other types of port wines are incredibly sweet taste with a pleasant vanilla flavor.
Rose is a recent view of a young port, which is a soft pink color. It is produced from red grapes by fermentation, very soft. This drink has a rich fruity taste and aroma.
Ruby is an inexpensive young port, which is made from red grapes. It has a bright ruby color and a strong fruity aroma. This wine is aged in barrels for a minimum period and then continues its development in the bottle.
Late Bottled Vintage is a drink of good quality, which is produced from the grape harvest of one year. It is aged in barrels from three to six years, and continues its development in the bottle. It has a pronounced flavor characteristics and aroma.
Vintage - this drink rightly bears the title of the best Portuguese port. It is aged in oak barrels for about three years, and then continues its development in the bottle. Before the expiration of five years of aging, this port wine has a bright ruby color and fruity aroma with hints of dark chocolate. With the development of the beverage in it is a series of changes, namely, the color changes, acquiring a Golden-brown color, and taste characteristics gain complexity and richness. This port can develop in the bottle for up to fifty years.
Unfiltered, or the port marked Crusted, was very popular in the past. They belong to the category Late Bottled Vintage, and are manufactured by mixing fortified wines of one or more years of harvest without filtration. The period of exposure of the drink in the bottle is about three years. After this time the port must be decanted, that is, to get rid of the sediment and to use.
It is Worth noting that, due to outdated technology port of this type has virtually ceased to exist.
Currently there are many types of port wine from Portugal, which aimed at different target audiences and the financial ability of consumers. For example, port Lagrima have to taste the beautiful half of humanity. They note the pleasant aroma and rich sweet taste of the drink.
Port category Rose appeared recently, but already got admirers among the youth. They appreciated its mild taste and fruity aroma. Many consumers use this drink as an excellent base for cocktails.
Ruby, Towny and Branko - port low price point are the most popular among Russian consumers. They don't require a special occasion to large financial investments. But, despite this, are of high quality and pleasant taste characteristics.
Portuguese port wines a higher category, such as Colheita, Late Bottled Vintage and of course Vintage have fans among connoisseurs of the drink. Use them for festive events and special occasions.
It is Worth noting that the price of Portuguese port varies depending on the category of this wine beverage. For example, it starts with one and a half thousand rubles for a bottle of Ruby, and ends several million rubles per bottle category Vintage of a good year of harvest.
The Use of port wine, known since ancient times. He's with moderate use, great tones, normalizes the work of cardiovascular system, removes cholesterol plaque and has antibacterial effect.
Also, the port can be used in cooking and is an excellent base for cocktails.
The damage to the port associated with the acquisition of goods of improper quality or excessive consumption of the drink.
Port wine from Portugal can be used inan aperitif and a digestif. Drink red needed before serving to cool to a temperature of +18 degrees, and white - up to 12 degrees. Port wine is served in a special decanter from which he poured into glasses.
It is a Portuguese port wine? Suits perfectly with salty and savory snacks, chocolate, coffee, nuts, and fatty cheeses. Also it is permissible to submit the fruits, berries and desserts based on them.
Port Ruby, Rose and Tony are the perfect base for cocktails on the rocks for beach parties and get-togethers with friends in a bar. Here we answered the question "what drinking Portuguese port wine?".
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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