Pancreaticoduodenal resection: treatment and complications

To date, pancreatic cancer is a common type of cancer. In most cases, the forecast has quite bad consequences. During the examination, the doctors detect the presence of metastases, which affects the healthy tissue of other organs.

The Main drawback of this disease is that not observed any symptoms of disease manifestations. While cancer cells begin to grow with tremendous force. Upon detection of a large number of metastases patients do not carry out surgical procedures.

Technology pancreatoduodenectomy

Who can be recommended pancreatoduodenal resection? Surgery is indicated only for those patients whose cancers have a clear localization within the pancreas. This surgery acts as a therapeutic process.

Before the operation, the doctor conducts a complete diagnosis of the affected organ. Thanks to ultrasound examination and many tests, the picture of the disease indicates surgery.

If a cancerous tumor is in the head part of the pancreas or the area of the openings of the pancreatic duct, the doctors performed the Whipple. In the presence of a malignant process in the body or tail of the pancreas surgeons perform pancreatectomy.

Operation (pancreaticoduodenal resection, or Whipple's procedure) was first held in the early 1930's doctor Alan Whipple. In the late 60-ies the mortality from such interference had fairly high statistics.

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Today pancreatoduodenal resection is considered to be absolutely safe. The mortality rate decreased to 5 %. The final result of the intervention directly depends on the professional experience of the surgeon.

What is process

Let us Consider, how is pancreatoduodenal resection. Stages of the operation are outlined below. In the process of conducting such operations patients perform the removal of the head of the Department of the pancreas. In severe course of the disease is carried out a partial removal of bile duct and duodenum. If a malignant tumor is localized in the stomach, then performs a partial removal.

After pancreatoduodenectomy doctors connect the remaining segments of the pancreas. Bile duct directly connected to the intestine. Time of such operation is about 8 hours. After the operation the patient is on outpatient treatment, which takes about 3 weeks.

Laparoscopy Whipple

This method of treatment is based on location of the malignancy. Laparoscopic Whipple can significantly reduce the rehabilitation period of the patient. This type of surgery carried out patients in the presence of the ampullar cancer.

Laparoscopic intervention is performed through small incisions in the abdomen. It is made by experienced surgeons using special medical equipment. During normal operation Whipple abdominal incisions are of impressive dimensions.

In laparoscopic surgery, surgeons say the least blood loss during operative manipulations. They also noted a minimal risk of contamination by different kinds of infections.

When necessary Whipple surgery

There are a number of indicators in which the operation is able to fully correct the patient's condition. These include:

• Cancerous lesion of the head of the Department of the pancreas (is pancreatoduodenal resection of the pancreas).
• A Malignant neoplasm in the area of the duodenum.
• Cholangiocarcinoma. In this case the tumor invades the healthy cells of the bile passages of the liver.
• Ampullar cancer. Here a malignant tumor located in the pancreatic duct, which brings bile into the duodenum.

Surgical intervention of this kind is also used in disorders of benign tumors. These include such diseases as chronic pancreatitis.

Approximately 30% of patients undergo this kind of treatment. They diagnose localization of the tumor within the pancreas. From–the lack of precise symptoms, in most cases, patients with the process of metastasis to other organs. To carry out the operation in this disease does not make sense.

Pancreatoduodenal resection begins with an accurate diagnosis of the affected parts of the organ. The passing of the relevant tests will show a picture of the disease.

The Small size of the cancer allow for laparoscopic surgery. As a result, surgeons can completely remove the affected area without harming the other organs of the abdominal cavity.

Treatment Outcomes

The Majority of patients ask the same question: what are the consequences pancreatoduodenal resection? Over the last 10 years the mortality rate of patients decreased to 4 %. The fact that a positive result is achieved if you have a huge experience of the surgeon performing the operation.

When adenocarcinoma of the pancreas a Whipple allows you to save the lives of approximately 50 % of patients. In the absence of tumors in the lymphatic system, such events increase the survival of patients several times.

At the end of the operation the patient is prescribed a course of radio and chemotherapy. This is necessary in order to destroy the cancer cells spread to other organs.

Further treatment after surgery is contraindicated in patients with the presence of benign tumors, and neuroendocrine changes.

Pancreaticoduodenal resection: technique of operation

The surgical process removes a large part of the body that is responsible for the secretion of insulin. In turn, it helps to control the level of sugar in the bloodstream. Partial resection significantly reduces insulin production. As a result, most patients dramatically increases the risk of developing such diseases as diabetes.

Patients with high blood sugar levels are most susceptible to this kind of disease. Normal glucose levels in a patient with absence of chronic pancreatitis dramatically reduces the development of diabetes.

At the end of the rehabilitation process doctor recommends that you stick to your diet. From the diet should exclude too fat and salty foods. Often after this kind of intervention, many patients had intolerance to sugary foods. In this case, its use is contraindicated.

Complications from Whipple surgery

This type of treatment has a fairly high risk of complications. The presence of professional experience of the surgeon significantly reduces the appearance of any–or trouble. Potential problems include:

• The Appearance of pancreatic fistula. During surgery, the surgeon connects the gland with intestinal Department. Soft tissue on the pancreas preventing the rapid healing of the joint. During this period there is a loss of pancreatic juice.
• Partial paralysis of the stomach. After the operation the patient is prescribed a course of injections through the IV. This is necessary in order to restore normal functioning of the stomach.

Nutrition after pancreatoduodenectomy should be correct all the bad habits you want to exclude. With all the recommendations people, and gradually returned to normal.