The interpretation of Theophylact of Bulgaria to the Holy gospel

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2019-06-11 05:00:43

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And let's examine “the Interpretation of Theophylact of Bulgaria to the Holy gospel"! This is a very interesting work. Its author is the Archbishop of Ohrid Theophylact Bulgarian. He was a prominent Byzantine writer and theologian, the interpreter of sacred Scripture. He lived at the end of the XI – the beginning of the XII century in the Bulgarian Byzantine province (now Republic of Macedonia).

Theophylact of Bulgaria is often called blessed, though he were not publicly recognized by the Holy Orthodox Church. It should be noted that the Slavic and Greek authors and publishers often call him a Saint and equal to the Church fathers.

Biography

Biography Theophylact of Bulgaria is little known. Some sources report that he was born after 1050 (1060, for sure) on the island of Evia, in the town of Chalcis.

In Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia Theophylaktos conferred the diaconate: thanks to him, he approached the court of Emperor Arapiraca Michael VII (1071-1078). Many believe that after Michael died, Theophylact held it to his son, Prince Constantin Duca educator. After four orphans, and now this status had an heir, leaving only a mother - the Empress Maria, the patron Saint Theophylact of Bulgaria. By the way, she urged him to write the best things.

Theophylact of Bulgaria

It Should be noted that the rise of written activities Theophylact, correspondence from Bulgaria with a large number of prominent people, sending it to Bulgaria, Archbishop of Ohrid belong to the reign of Alexis Comnenus (1081-1118). The expulsion of Theophylact from the capital, where he unsuccessfully rushed, probably due to opalay of the family of Tsar Mikhail.

No One knows how long the blessed Theophylact remained in Bulgaria and when he passed away. Some of his letters dated the beginning of XII century. In the period when he was at the court of the Empress Maria, but not before 1088-1089 year, the Evangelist has created a “Royal instruction”. This is outstanding work, highly respected in literary circles, was specially designed for his pupil, Prince Constantine. But in 1092, he wrote to the Emperor Alex Comneno very pompous Eulogy.

Creation

It is Known that the most important historical monument of the literary works of Theophylact considered his correspondence. Survived 137 letters that he has sent the highest secular and spiritual persons of the Empire. In these messages the blessed Theophylact the Bulgarian complained about his fate. He was a sophisticated Byzantines and with great disgust belonged to the barbarians, to their Slavic flock “smelling of sheep”.

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It Should be noted that reports on the popular uprisings that constantly arose before emergence of the second Bulgarian Kingdom, and also appeared from time to time the armies of the crusaders, raise many letters of Theophylact on the level of outstanding historical source. Data on the management of the Kingdom and of the countless figures of the era, Alexei Komnenos is also important.

The Peak of a creative way of Theophylact are the interpretation of the New Testament and the old. This book of Scripture. The most original work in this area, of course, is the explanation of the gospel, mainly on St. Matthew. Interestingly, the author here is basing their arguments on different interpretations of John Chrysostom to the enormous number of individual episodes of the Holy Scriptures.

 interpretation of the gospel of Matthew

In General, Theophylact often allows allegorical interpretation of the text, sometimes even slip moderate the debate with the heresies. Theophylact the Bulgarian interpretation of the Apostolic acts and Epistles for the most part left in the comments, but the current texts are literally written off with little-known sources of the ninth century and the tenth century. He is a writer full of the life of blessed Clement of Ohrid.

Paramount importance that his polemical book against the Latins, written in the spirit of reconciliation and the word of the fifteen martyrs who had suffered under Julian Tiberiopolis (Strumica).

Interesting fact: in Patrologia Graeca the writings of Evangelist-hosted with 123-to 126-volume inclusive.

Commentary on Matthew

So, wrote Theophylact wonderful interpretation of the gospel of Matthew, and now we will try the most detailed consideration of this work. He argued that all the Holy men, who lived before the law, have received knowledge not from books and Scriptures. It's quite surprising, but in his composition indicate that they were brought up lighting the Holy spirit and only understood God's will: God himself was leading conversations with them. Such he was represented by Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Isaac, job and Moses.

A Little later the people got corrupted and become unworthy of learning and enlightenment from the Holy spirit. But God loves mankind, he gave them Scripture, though, thanks to him, remember His will. Theophylact says, Christ first personally talked with the apostles and then sent them to mentors blessing of the Holy spirit. Of course, the Lord expected that over time there will be heresy and people's morals deteriorate, so he was in favor of that were written both the gospel. Because in this way we are drawing from them the truth, not passionate about the heretical lies and our morals absolutely will not spoil.

And of course, the interpretation of the gospel of Matthew is very edifying work. Studying the Book of the kindred (MT.1:1), Theophylactwondered why the blessed Matthew did not say, like the prophets, the word “vision” or “word”? After all, they always said: “the Vision, who admired Isaiah" (Is.1:1) or “the Word that was… to Isaiah" (Is. 2:1). You want to find out this question? Yes, just seers appealed to the rebellious and cruel-hearted. That's the only reason they said that is the Divine vision and God's voice to the people scared and not ignoring the fact that they told him.

 interpretation of the gospel Theophylact of Bulgaria

Theophylact notes that Matthew spoke with virtuous, faithful, and obedient, and therefore said nothing of the sort previously prophets. He writes that what the prophets beheld, they saw the mind, looking at it through the spirit. That's the only reason they said that this vision.

Matthew did not mind contemplates Christ, but the moral stayed with Him and listened to Him sensually, watching Him in the flesh. Theophylact writes that the only reason he did not say: “the vision that I was watching" or "contemplation" but said: “the Book of kinship".

Further, we learn that the name “Jesus” Jewish, not Greek, and translates it as “Savior”. Because the word "Yao" the Jews reported about salvation.

And Christs (“Christ” refers to the Greek for “anointed one”) were called the chief priests and rulers, for they are anointed with the oil of the Holy Ghost: it flowed from the horn that was attached to their head. Actually, the Lord is called the Christ, and as Bishop, because he sacrificed Himself as King and acts against sin. Theophylact says that He's anointed with this oil, the Holy Spirit. In addition, He is anointed above all others, for none other had the Spirit as the Lord? It should be noted that the saints acted the blessing of the Holy spirit. In Christ operated the following power: Christ Himself is Consubstantial with Him and the Spirit together did wonders.

David

Next Theophylact reports, that as soon as Matthew said “Jesus”, he added “Son of David” in order for you do not think that he is referring to another Jesus. Because in those days there lived another outstanding Jesus after Moses, the second leader of the Jews. But it was not called the son of David and son of nun. He lived much earlier than David and was not born of the tribe of Judah, from which came David, but of another.

Why did Matthew before Abraham put David? Yes, because David was better known: he lived after Abraham, and was reputed to be a magnificent king. Of the rulers he was the first to bogorodi the Lord and received the promise from him, reporting that the Christ of his seed will arise, why Christ was called the Son of David.

David is really in the image of Christ has been preserved: as it is at the place abandoned by the Lord and vozniknovenija Seoul reign, so Christ in the flesh came over us and began to reign after the Kingdom Adam lost the power that over the demons, and all living he had.

Abraham begat Isaac (Matt. 1:2)

Next Theophylact interprets that Abraham was the father of the Jews. That is why the Evangelist begins with his genealogy. In addition, Abraham first received the promise: it was said that “all Nations should be blessed with his sperm”.

Of Course, decent way to begin the genealogical tree of Christ, for Christ is Abraham's seed is where we receive the grace we all, who were pagans before they were under oath.

interpretation of Theophylact of Bulgaria

Actually, Abraham is translated as “father of languages" and Isaac – “laugh”, “joy”. Interestingly, the Evangelist writes about the illegitimate descendants of Abraham, for example, about Ishmael and the other, since the Jews are not descended from them, but from Isaac. By the way, Matthew mentioned Judah and his brothers because the twelve tribes descended from them.

Explanation on the gospel of John

Now consider, as Theophylact Bulgarian gospel of John interpreted. He wrote that the power of the Holy spirit, and as stated (2 Cor. 12:9), and as I believe, accomplished in weakness. But not only in weakness of the body, and and eloquence, and reason. As proof, he cited the example that the brother of Christ, and the great theologian showed grace.

His father was a fisherman. John himself hunted in the same way as the father. He was not able to not only Jewish and Greek education, but were not scientists. This information tells us St. Luke in the Acts (acts. 4:13). The Fatherland was considered the most poor and humble – it was a village in which were engaged in fishing, not science. There he was born in Bethsaida.

The Evangelist wonders what, however, spirit was able to get this ignorant, ignoble, in any respect not a great man. After all, he declared, what not taught us, none of the other evangelists.

interpretation of the new Testament

It Should be noted that as they preach about the incarnation of Christ, and His eternal existence does not say anything sensible, there is a danger that the people attached to the earth and not able to think about anything high, think that Christ began His Existence only after his birth to Mary, and not begotten of his father before the ages.

It is in this fallacy fell Samosata Paul. That is why the illustrious John proclaimed about the birth of the mountain, mentioning, however, and the birth of the Word. Because declaring: “And became flesh, the word" (Jn.1:14).

We have another amazing situation in that John the Evangelist. Namely, it isthe only, and has three mothers: mother Salome, thunder, because of the immense voice in the gospel, he is ‘son of Gromov" (MK. 3:17), and virgin. Why The Virgin? Yes, because it says: “behold thy mother!" (Jn. 19:27).

In the beginning Was the Word (Jn. 1:1)

So, exploring further the interpretation of the gospel Theophylact of Bulgaria. What the Evangelist said in the Preface, it repeats and now: whereas other theologians lengthy story of the birth of the Lord on Earth, his upbringing and growth, John ignores these events, as his fellow students about them pretty much said. He only is talking about the Godhead, incarnated among us.

However, if you look carefully, you can see how those, though, and did not conceal information about the Godhead of the only-begotten, but he mentioned it a little bit, and John, gazing to his word the most high, have focused on the economy of the incarnation. For the souls of all led by one Spirit.

Isn't that the interpretation of the gospel Theophylact of Bulgaria to examine a very interesting? Continue further acquainted with this wonderful work. Tell us John? He tells us about his Son and about the Father. He points to the infinite existence of the only-begotten when he says: “the Word Was in the beginning”, that is, from the beginning it was. For what happened from the beginning, in fact, of course, will not appear a time when was not it.

“Why, some will ask, - you can define that the phrase “in the beginning” means the same as from the beginning?" Really, where? As of the understanding of the General and of the theologian. Because in one of his manuscripts he says: “that from the beginning was that we… seen" (1 Jn. 1:1).

The Interpretation of Theophylact of Bulgaria is very unusual. He asks us, do we see how the choice itself explains? What to say questioner. But he understands that “early” in the same way as Moses: "God created in the beginning" (Gen. 1:1). There is the phrase “early” doesn't explain that the sky forever, so here he does not want to define the word “early” as if the only-begotten of the infinite. Of course, say that only heretics. On this crazy perseverance to us remains nothing how to say: the sage of rage. Why are you silent about subsequent? But we say it's against your will!

Theophylact Bulgarian gospel of John

In the interpretation of Theophylact of Bulgaria leads to various reflections on the Genesis. Here, for example, Moses says that first God created heaven and earth, the firmament, and it says here that at the beginning of the “was” Word. What is similar between “created” and “was”? If there was written "God in the beginning created the Son”, the Evangelist was silent. But now, once said “in the beginning was" he concludes that the word is from everlasting exists, and not over time got a Genesis as a vanity.

Isn't it, the interpretation of Theophylact of Bulgaria is the work that counts? So why John did not say that “in the beginning was the Son”, but – “Word”? The Evangelist claims that he speaks for the weakness of the hearers, that we, having heard about the Son from the beginning about carnal and passionate birth thought. For His “Word” called to let you know that as from the mind dispassionately word is born and He the father is born abroad.

Another explanation: called it “Word” because He told us about the qualities of the father, as well as any word declares the spirits. And together that we saw that He was the Father SovEcon. For as it is impossible to assert that the mind often without words sometimes, and the Father and God cannot be without the Son.

In the interpretation of Theophylact of Bulgaria shows that John used this expression because there are many different words of God, like the commandments, the prophecies, and about the angels he says, “the strength of the strong, that do His pleasure" (PS. 102:20), that is, His commandment. But it should be noted that the word is a personal entity.

Explanation of the Epistle of the blessed Apostle Paul

The Interpretation of the New Testament Evangelist has people to constant reading of the Scriptures. This leads to a cognition of them, because it can not lie Who says: seek and you shall find, knock and the door will be opened unto you (Matt. 7:7). Thanks to this, we are in contact with the mysteries of the Epistles of the blessed Apostle Paul, only need to read these messages carefully and constantly.

It is Known that all surpassed by the word of the doctrine the Apostle is this. Rightly so, because it is more than all work and acquired a generous blessing of the spirit. By the way, this can be seen not only from his writings but from acts of the apostles, which says that the perfect word to unbelievers, called him Hermes (acts. 14:12).

The Interpretation of blessed Theophylact of Bulgaria reveals the following facts: first, the Romans not because they think that it was written before other messages. So, before the Letters to the Romans were both created news to the Corinthians, and before them the recorded Message to the Thessalonians, in which blessed Paul of praise points to alms sent to Jerusalem (1 Thess. 4:9 – 10; cf 2 Cor. 9:2).

In addition, before the letter to the Romans inscribed more and Galatians. Despite this, the interpretation of the Holy gospel tells us that the Epistle to the Romans from other Epistles created the first. Why is it in the first place? Yes, because in Divine Scripture is not the desired orderchronological. And the twelve prophets, if you list them in the order in which they are placed in the sacred books, do not follow each other in time, but separated by a huge distance.

And writes to the Romans Paul only because he carried the sacred duty of passing of Christ's Ministry. In addition, the Romans were considered by the primates of the universe, for whoever brings the head favor, that positively affects the rest of the body.

Paul (ROM. 1:1)

A Evangelist Theophylact of Bulgaria Perceive as a life guide. It really is quite valuable work. By the way, he tells Moses, nor the evangelists, nor after him anyone wrote their names to their own writings, and the Apostle Paul points out his name before each message. This nuance occurs because most of the writing for lived with them, and he messages were sent from afar and according to custom has made the rule of the distinctive qualities of the messages.

interpretation of the Holy gospel

It Should be noted that in the Epistle to the Hebrews he does not. After all, they hated him, and so that hearing his name have not ceased to listen to him, withholding his name from the beginning.

What is it from Saul, renamed themselves Paul? In order for him not to be below the Supreme Apostle, named Cephas, which means "stone," or sons of zebedi, named Boanerges, that is sons of thunder.

Slave

What is slavery? It has several types. There is slavery in creation, about which is written (PS. 118:91). Is slavery through faith, which said, “began to perceive the image of teaching to which you have devoted yourselves" (ROM. 6:17). There is still slavery in the image of being: from this position, Moses is called the servant of God. Paul is the ‘slave’ all.

I Hope this article familiarized you with the famous work of Theophylact and will help in the future, a deeper study of his writings.


Article in other languages:

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DE: https://tostpost.com/de/die-geistige-entwicklung/33766-interpretation-feofilakta-bulgarischen-auf-das-heilige-evangelium.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/el-desarrollo-espiritual/33624-la-interpretaci-n-de-feofilakta-b-lgaro-en-el-santo-evangelio.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/ruhani-damuy/34390-t-s-nd-ru-feofilakta-bolgar-arnal-an-habardan.html

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UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/duhovniy-rozvitok/34610-tlumachennya-feof-lakta-bolgars-kogo-na-svyate-vangel.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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