The Saimaa canal (map below will help the reader to understand his location) – the navigation channel between the Gulf of Vyborg (Russia) and lake Saimaa (Finland). Open this building in 1856. The total length is 57.3 km, of which Russia holds 34 km, and Finland – 23.3 km
The First attempt to connect the Gulf of Finland and lake Saimaa was made in 1500 and 1511 years the Governor of Vyborg Eric Toresano Bielke. The next attempt was made in 1600-m at this time was made two donations, but that was it. Already in the reign of Catherine the great proposed a new plan – as the river Vuoksi communicates by lake Saimaa, lake Ladoga, was supposed to build a canal to bypass the Imatra. However, too much expenditure, which needed to be spent on this project became the reason for not bringing the plan into execution. In 1826 at the meeting of the municipal courts of the Republic of Karelia and Savolaks it was decided to send a deputation of peasants in Petersburg to the Emperor that he realized the connection of the lake district with coastal cities. Having listened to deputies, Nicholas I ordered to make the necessary surveys. However, the real money has not been found, in this regard, the construction of the canal started. Next time the issue raised by the Governor of Vyborg August Ramsay in 1834. The course of this case gave Senator L. F. Hartmann (chief financial expedition) and Prince Menshikov. In Vyborg set up a Committee to budget and plan for this project. For the initial studies was invited by the famous Swedish engineer. In the result, it was found that the lake water are above sea level to 256 feet, and the cost of the building will be three million rubles. The required amount was allocated in installments over fifteen years.
And so, in 1845, construction began. In the process, the Swedish engineer Nils Erikson has made some improvements in the plan of the channel. The original head of this construction company was Baron Karl Rosenkampff, who earned the nickname “the Baron of channels”. However, in 1846 he died, and in his place was appointed major-General Carnvale. All construction work was carried out by the Treasury of Finland. The total cost amounted to 12.4 million Finnish marks. The total length of construction - 54.5 miles, this piece was built twenty-eight locks of granite.
August 26, 1856, occurred the Grand opening of this facility. It was timed to the coronation of Emperor Alexander II. Finland was proud of the Saimaa canal, which helped to penetrate into the desert regions of the country. The special charm he gave pristine beauty of nature. Along the canal was a memorial sign with an inscription in Swedish and Russian languages, which listed all the figures involved in the creation of the structures. All construction is made very original and boldly, given that the difference between the levels of the connected waters did flow in the channel is extremely rapid.
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The Opening took place four years earlier than planned. Another feature of this project was the cheapness of such a gigantic amount of work. It has played the role of the following factors: the honesty and diligence of the Finnish managers, as well as the cheap workforce, after all, here was mainly involved prisoners.
The Saimaa canal was of great importance for the development of this region. The population of Karelia and Savolaks finally freed from exclusive economic dependence on distant harbors of lake Ladoga and the Gulf of Bothnia (the Northern part). The benefits from the exploitation of this structure would be even greater if the project managers were able to eliminate the selfish intervention of a merchant lobby. So, from fear of losing the monopoly in trade they through intrigue and other methods have ensured that the capacity of locks was limited. As a result, all ships coming this way, was to have the width of the body not more than seven meters. Otherwise, all goods had to overload in Vyborg on matching these requirements to ships. In this way several merchant firms provided a monopoly on exports. And, as a consequence, the Saimaa canal from Vyborg has lost much of its importance for the development of the region. However, later, during the reconstruction of this structure, the width of the gateways significantly increased.
In 1870, was opened end-to-end passenger rail service between St. Petersburg and Helsinki. This event is made available to the public the most beautiful places of southern Finland. Railway communication gave a new impetus to the development of the Karelian isthmus and the surrounding areas. There began to be towns, to build resorts, and motels, be laid dirt roads linking the various settlements and the railroad. A huge role in the new development of this region played the Saimaa canal. Now he acted not only for the development of trade relations. Became popular cruises to Finland, tolake Saimaa and Imatra waterfall. So, these places started to get into Russian literature that describes the cultural monuments in the area. Simultaneously with it there was literature aimed at promoting information about the region and promoting its attractions, as well as the creation of a new image. Produced special guides describing the Saimaa canal and its surroundings. Most of them contained data on routes, post stations, the schedule of steamships and trains, information about hotels, how and where to hire a horse, resorts and spas and much more. All of the above suggests that before the revolution, information about the object as about the significant sights of Finland was very famous. Journey through the Saimaa canal was commonplace for lovers of active holidays.
The First cottages began to appear during the time of construction. Parts of the channel, which were in official use, was decorated with plantings, this was an incentive for putting land, or the construction of houses. In addition to beautiful nature, the popularity of recreation in the area contributed to the good communication provided by the ships engaged in inland river passing through this waterway. And soon wealthy residents of Vyborg and St. Petersburg built up the channel coast to the lake, Nuijamaa. In Rattery was the most luxurious cottage, owned by the Minister of foreign Affairs of Russia Won Giers. It was built by one of the engineers involved in the construction of the canal. Most of the cottages stood out for their architecture, they were decorated with turrets, balconies, carvings, surrounded by extensive well maintained gardens with piers and gazebos. The names of the houses are romantic, as well as their external face: "Ronalynn", "Rowantree", "Onnela", "Eloranta"... the Demand for property in this region was so high that it became profitable to build for renting. The Saimaa canal that time known not only villas, but also vast estates. The most famous of these is the name of Lavola, it belonged to the family Ceceff and was located at the mouth of the object. Estates with country houses formed a very colorful ensemble, the atmosphere here was fun, international. River cruises, concerts, visits and walks are enlivened by public life, it offered travelers a lot of impressions and income opportunities for local residents. However, after the revolution the country life went into decline, and with it the Saimaa canal. Tours are not interested in Russian Bohemia.
The plans of the General staff of the Finnish armed forces in the thirties of the last century, this water body was considered as a possible way for the organization to supply the army. According to the developed plans were to concentrate military action on the Karelian isthmus. And so, in 1939, during the period of extended fees, it was noted that the channel may be in a combat zone. It was a serious obstacle due to the deep channel. It was therefore decided to use it in anti-tank defense. The result was quite flooded vast areas in the lake district was Karstila of Luculia and Ventel. The total area of flooded land was thirty-five square kilometers. In the period of 1941-1944, the channel in the hostilities did not participate.
Due To the fact that a peace Treaty is established between Soviet Union and Finland, left Vyborg Bay in the USSR, and the border divided the channel into two parts, in the end it ceased to function. In the postwar period for the resumption of shipping was required not only to renovate the dilapidated facilities and equipment, but also to reach bilateral agreements on the use of this water body. For the first time this issue was raised in 1948, but official inter-state negotiations began only in 1954. Under the agreement the Soviet Union has left a group of Finnish engineers to study the condition of the waterways. Experts came to the conclusion that the river channels in Soviet territory is quite suitable to restore them shipping. However, work in this area began thirteen years later, after both sides finally came to a decision to rent questions. In 1968, the reconstruction was completed. It was significantly expanded the capacity of the airlock.
Lappeenranta – resort town in Finland. Appeal give him the lake of the Saeima, on whose Bank it is located, and the Saimaa canal. Excursion by boat in these water bodies is the only thing that attracts tourists from Russia. Incidentally, this is the only Russian inland waterway which can go to court foreign companies. Passenger ships engaged on river cruises, carrying tourists from the Russian Federation and Finland. Earlier, according to the agreement from 1963, passengers arriving from Finland in ourthe country had the right to visa-free entry. However, with the accession of the Republic to the Schengen agreement this agreement was cancelled. Now passengers are required to obtain visas. However, they are needed only if the vessel clings to the shores of Russia, for example, plant them to tour in Vyborg. If cruising on the ferry from Finland do not include visits to Russian ports, do not need a visa. For example, the ship «Christina Brahe” shall pass through the territory of our country, making flights between Lappeenranta and Helsinki, and the ship «Karelia” - between Vyborg and Lappeenranta.
It is Difficult to assume how long it will last similar cruise flight. After all the Finns that want to see the sights of the Saimaa canal, not too much, and our tourists even less. This is despite the fact that the one-way ticket is about thirty euros. The journey is worth the money.
The length of the route is forty-three miles, but they account for eight locks. When the boat via the Saimaa canal overcomes the first of these – that's interesting. However, the third gateway begins to grow irritated, and the eighth can't wait when it's over, but still interesting. When the boat reaches the border post, Nuijamaa begins verification of documents. Interesting is the fact that this post is combined – automobile-water. If you will be on the ship in the company of Finnish tourists, be prepared for the fact that they often behave like the majority of Russians start to drink strong drinks before the ship depart from the pier. Many tourists specially to buy a ticket to this cruise, explaining that on the steamer there is a shop called "duty free”. If you consider the fact that in Finland, with the alcohol heat, this behavior becomes understandable. During the period of General drinking guides tried in vain to attract the attention of the public to stories about the canal, locks and other attractions. And there are still things to see – the canal is very beautiful. For example, near Vyborg it is crossed fairly high bridges-rail and road. All navigation systems built on granite columns or exposed on the islets. Part of the canal carved into the rock, the other part has a sloping sandy beach with boulders. Along the canal grows thick woods, in conjunction with cliffs forms a very beautiful landscape. The Russian part is absolutely not populated, near Vyborg still come across single houses, and further on is the wilderness. The only busy place – in the border area, where the route to Lappeenranta. A completely opposite picture for the Finnish part: here settlements occur immediately after a checkpoint. In the area of Lappeenranta, not reaching past the gateway, is the main port on this water artery - Syme's-terminal. Here is loading/unloading cargo vessels. The goods are mostly from the Russian side – up to two million tons per year.
When the ship overcomes the last lock, he gets in the Saimaa lake. The first thing that a view is a very large pulp and paper mill. The guide proudly tells that there are more than two and a half thousand people. Here is a “miracle” civilization spoils the travel experience, it also prevents the city of Lappeenranta to gain the full status of tourist. After all, the company, even if it is a modern sewage treatment plant, still dumps tons of waste into the waters of the lake, making it unsuitable for swimming within a radius of several tens of kilometers. And what is most interesting in the tourist brochures said nothing about the presence here of the plant. But that's not all: in front of the factory is a confectionery factory, which also produces the discharge of waste into the lake, it is no wonder it is in the heart of this enterprise is completely covered with grass. And here, oddly enough, is the main tourist complex - “Huhtiniemi” - and a summer hotel «Karelia-Park”. The “intake” with the confectionery factory is another set - "Syme". However, he some sad, neglected, as with difficulty kept afloat in small towns hotels of the Soviet era. There is also the beach, however, in order to get to the water, will have to overcome a Chia pet or try to go through special bridges, which, incidentally, is broken in its middle part, but through a breach, someone has helpfully put this Board. Here's a resort!
The Main attraction of Lappeenranta is the Memorial cemetery, which is located in the centre of the city. Here you can see the graves of the fallen soldiers during the periods of 1939-1940 and 1941-1944. And very curiously, all of these graves are individual, fraternal no. The cemetery is adjacent to the monument to soldiers who call the territory of the Karelian isthmus (now the territory of the Russian Federation). It consists of two parts – sculptures and plates with names of settlements and names of soldiers, among other things, some of them are Russian. Especially among the natives of Terijoki (Zelenogorsk). Actually, there is more attractions there. The cityhas a modern look, very well maintained and constantly remodel. There is nothing to do. At night Lappeenranta to sleep, close all the shops, you can find only kiosks selling burgers and other such fare. Here, even the station building is closed until seven in the morning. Wandering through the empty night streets, it becomes clear why the Finns are so “off” in our country.
This city is quite similar to Lappeenranta, its much shorter. It was founded in 1948 and located so close to the border with Russia, which is caught here, the domestic cell network. Imatra is located at the source of the river Vuoksi. The main enterprises of this town steel plant and the power plant. However, in contrast to Lappeenranta on the shore of lake industrial facilities no. There are two distinctive monument – dedicated to the first turbine and the second electric pole. The main tourist attraction is the artificial rapids Imatrankoski. Prior to the construction of the HPP he was a natural, in pre-revolutionary times, Russian Bohemia loved to come here and admire the waterfall. Now here, the water is started up according to schedule, this slope is the main "tourist attraction" of Imatra. The second point of interest – Corona Park, which is located on the island between the old riverbed of Vuoksa river and the reservoir. Park founded under the decree of Emperor Nicholas I, who ordered to the rapids and its surroundings remained unchanged. Imatra for tourists much more attractive than Lappeenranta, there are quite modern hotels, places to stay, and fans of fishing will have a great opportunity to spend an unforgettable time on the shore of lake Saimaa.
Lake Fishing is excellent all year round. The main species of fish-pike, perch, lake salmon, brown trout. The locals are not fond of fishing, despite the fact that roach is almost here she jumps on shore, Finns for some reason it is not used as food. Catch her mostly tourists from Russia. In the late spring trolling for the best bite salmon and trout. Round the year caught pike. In addition, there are a lot of burbot, it is often fish on a spoon and balance. Because of the large size of the reservoir to determine where I hid the fish, not so easy. However, a skilled fisherman, Saima will return with a good catch. The nature here is clean and leisurely, promotes peace, conducive to reflection and contemplation. Lovely stay will be provided to you!
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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