There is Hardly a person on the planet who are not familiar with the name Pablo Picasso. Founder of cubism and painter of many styles influenced the 20th century art not only in Europe but around the world.
One of the brightest artists of the 20th century was born in Malaga, in the house in Plaza Merced, in 1881, October 25. Now there is a Museum and a Foundation named after Pablo Picasso. Following the Spanish tradition, at baptism, the parents gave the boy a rather long name that represents a sequence of names of saints and the most loved and revered in the family of relatives. Ultimately, know the very first and last. The name Pablo has decided to take the mother, considering his father's too simple. The talent and desire to paint appeared from early childhood. The first and very valuable lessons, he was presented with the father, who was also an artist. His name was Jose Ruiz. My first serious painting he wrote at the age of eight "picador". We can safely say that it actually began with the works of Pablo Picasso. The future artist's father got a job offer of lecturer in a Coruna in 1891, and the family soon moved to the North of Spain. There's also Pablo during the year were trained in the local school of arts. Then the family moved to one of the most beautiful cities-Barcelona. Young Picasso at the time was 14, and he was too young to study in La Longo (fine arts school). However, the father could ensure that he was admitted to the entrance exams on a competitive basis, with which he coped brilliantly. After another four years the parents decided to get him in the best at the time, the advanced school of art – “the San Fernando” in Madrid. Studies at the Academy quickly bored with the young talent in the classical canons and rules he was closely and even boring. Therefore, the more time he devoted to the Prado Museum and the study of its collections, and a year later returned to Barcelona. In the early period of his work include paintings, written in 1986: “Portrait” Picasso, "First communion" (it depicts the artist's sister Lola), “portrait of a mother” (pictured below).
During his stay in Madrid he first travelled to Paris, where he studied all the museums and paintings of the great masters. Subsequently, he will arrive in the centre of the world art repeatedly, and in 1904 will move permanently.
This time period can be seen as a litmus test, it was at this time beginning to emerge in the works of Picasso its personality, still subject to outside influence. Known fact: talent is the creative mind manifests itself most clearly in a difficult life situation. That is exactly what happened with Pablo Picasso, whose works are now known around the world. The rise was triggered and occurred after the long depression caused by the death of a close friend, Carlos Casagemas. In 1901, at the exhibition organized by Vollard, were presented 64 works of the artist, but at that time they were still full of sensuality and brightness, clearly felt the influence of the Impressionists. Their legal rights “blue” period of his work came gradually, with hard contours of the figures and the loss of the three-dimensional image, a departure from the classical laws of artistic perspective. Palette of colors on his canvases is becoming more monotonous, the emphasis is on the color blue. The beginning of the period can be considered a "Portrait of Jaime Sabartes" and a self-portrait of Picasso, painted in 1901.
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Key during this period to become masters of words like loneliness, fear, guilt, pain. In 1902, he will return to Barcelona, but to stay in it and not be able. The tense situation in the Catalan capital, poverty from all sides and social injustice result in popular unrest, gradually engulfed not only the whole of Spain, but also Europe. Probably this situation had an impact on the artist, which this year is fruitful and very much. At Home create a masterpiece “blue” period: “Two sisters (the meeting)”, “an Old Jew with a boy”, “Tragedy” (photo of the canvas above), “Life”, where again there is an image of the deceased Casagemas. In 1901 there was also the painting "the absinthe drinker”. It shows the influence of popular at that time Hobbies “perverse” characters, typical of French art. The theme of absent sounds in many films. The work of Picasso, among other things, full of drama. Especially clearly catches the eye excessive hand of a woman, it's like she's trying to defend himself. Currently, “the absinthe drinker" is stored in the Hermitage, having got there from a private and a very impressive collection of works by Picasso (51 piece) of S. I. Shchukin after the revolution.
As soon As there is the opportunity to go to Paris, the artist, without hesitation, decides to use it, and leaves Spain in the spring of 1904. That's where he'll encounter new interests, feelings and impressions, which will give rise to a new stagecreativity.
In the works of Picasso, this phase lasted a relatively long time – 1904 (fall) before the end of 1906 – and was not consistent. Most of the paintings of the period marked with bright range of colors, the appearance of buff, pearl grey, red and pink tones. Characterized by the appearance and subsequent dominance of the new for the artist, however – actors, circus performers and acrobats, athletes. Of course, the vast majority of the material he was given circus Medrano, who in those years was located at the foot of Montmartre. Theatrical atmosphere, the costumes, the behavior, the variety of types seemed to return to Picasso in the world, albeit transformed, but the real forms and volumes, natural space. The images in his paintings were, once again, sensual and filled with life, brightness, as opposed to characters “blue” phase of the creativity.
The Paintings, which marked the beginning of a new period, was first exhibited in the late winter of 1905 in the gallery of secure – “naked” and “Actor”. One of the recognized masterpieces of “pink” period – “a Family of comedians’ (pictured above). The painting has imposing dimensions-the height and width of over two meters. Shapes circus is depicted on the background of blue sky, it is considered that the harlequin on the right side – this is Picasso himself. All the characters are static, and between them there is no internal proximity, each chained inner loneliness – the all “pink” period. In addition, it is worth noting the following works of Pablo Picasso: “the Woman in the shirt”, “toilet”, “Boy leading a horse”, “the Acrobats. Mother and son”, “Girl with a goat”. They show the viewer the beauty and rare paintings serenity. A new impetus to the creativity happened at the end of 1906, when Picasso traveled to Spain and ended up in a small village in the Pyrenees.
With archaic African art Picasso first encountered at the thematic exhibition of the Museum of Paris. He was impressed with pagan idols primitive forms, exotic masks and statuettes, embodying in himself the great power of nature and distantsirovaniya from the smallest detail. The ideology of the artist coincided with that powerful message, and as a result he began to simplify his characters, making them like stone statues, monumental and dramatic. However, the first work in the direction of this style appeared in 1906 – portrait by Pablo Picasso of the writer Gertrude Stein. He copied the picture 80 times and already completely lost faith in the possibility to bring her in classic style. This point can rightly be called a transition from following nature to shape deformation. Just look at paintings such as "Nude woman”, “Dance with veils”, “current”, “Friendship”, “the bust of the sailor”, “Self”.
But perhaps the most striking example of the African phase of Picasso's works is a painting called "Avignon girl" (pictured above), over which the master worked for about a year. She was crowned by this stage of the creative path of the artist largely determined the fate of art in General. First the canvas was released only thirty years after his writing and has become an open door to the world of avant-garde. Bohemian circle of Paris literally split into two camps: «for» and «against». At the moment the picture is stored in the Museum of modern art in new York city.
The problem of the uniqueness and accuracy of image remained in first place in the European fine art right up until the point when he broke into cubism. The impetus for its development, many believe the question that emerged among the artists: “Why paint?" Authentic representation of what you see in the early 20th century it was possible to teach virtually any, besides, literally on the heels photography, which threatens to entirely supplant everything else. Visual images are not only plausible, but also affordable, easily replicated. Cubism Pablo Picasso in this case reflects the individuality of the Creator, abandoning the most likely image of the outside world and opening up completely new possibilities, the boundaries of perception.
To the early works include: “Pot, glass and book”, “swimming”, “a Bunch of flowers in a grey jug”, “Bread and fruit bowl on the table”, etc. In the paintings is clearly visible how to change the style of the artist, and becomes more and more abstract features to the end of the period (1918-1919). For example, “white”, “the Three musicians”, “still life with guitar" (pictured above). The Association of spectators of the master with abstract art did not suit Picasso, he was important is the emotional message of the paintings, their hidden meaning. Eventually created his own style of cubism gradually ceased to inspire the artist and wonder, opening the way for new trends in art.
The Second decade of the 20th century was Picasso quite complicated.So, the 1911 was marked by the story of the stolen statuettes from the Louvre, which has exhibited the artist is not in the best light. In 1914, it became clear that, even after living so many years in the country, France Picasso to fight in the First world war not ready, lit it with many friends. And in the following year died his beloved Marseille Umber.
To return more realistic in the works of Pablo Picasso, whose works were filled with re-readability, figure and artistic logic, influenced by many external factors. Including a trip to Rome, where he imbued the ancient art and communication with the ballet company Diaghilev and familiarity with the ballerina Olga Khokhlova, who soon became the second wife of the artist. The beginning of a new period can be considered a portrait of her in 1917, which kind of wore experimental. Russian ballet Pablo Picasso not only inspired the creation of new masterpieces, but also gave his beloved and long awaited son. The most famous works of the period: “Olga Khokhlova” (pictured above), "Pierrot”, “still life with pitcher and apples”, “Sleeping peasants”, “Mother and child”, “Women running on the beach”, “Three graces”.
The Division of art is not that other, as the desire to sort through and cram it in certain (stylistic, temporal) framework. However, the creativity of Pablo Picasso famous paintings which adorn the best museums and galleries in the world, this approach can be called very conditional. If you follow the chronology, the period when the artist was close to surrealism, falls on the years of 1925-1932. It is not surprising that at each stage of the master's brush was visited by the Muse, and when A. Khokhlova wished to know himself on his canvases, he turned to Neoclassicism. However, creative people are fickle, and soon in the life of Picasso became young and very beautiful Maria Therese Walter, which at the time of meeting was only 17 years old. She was prepared for the role of mistress, and in 1930 the artist bought the castle in Normandy which was home to him – workshop. Maria Theresa was a faithful companion, stoically enduring creative and love the throwing of the Creator, maintaining a friendly correspondence until the death of Pablo Picasso. Product period of surrealism: “Dance”, “the Woman in the chair” (pictured below), “mother”, “Nude on the beach”, “Dream” etc.
Picasso Sympathy during the military action in Spain in 1937, belonged to the Republicans. When in the same year Italian and German aircraft destroyed Guernica – political and cultural centre of the Basque-Pablo Picasso the city lying in ruins, depicted on the same canvas huge just two months. He was literally terrified by the threat that looms over all of Europe, which could not but affect the work. Emotions are not expressed directly, and embodied in the key, its bleakness, bitterness, and sarcasm.
After the war died down and peace came in relative equilibrium, restoring all that was destroyed, the works of Picasso, too, became more happy and bright colors. His works, written in the years 1945-1955, have a Mediterranean flavor, very atmospheric and somewhat idealistic. At the same time he begins to work with ceramics, creating many decorative pots, dishes, plates, figurines (photo above). Works that were created in the last 15 years of his life, very uneven in style and quality.
One of the greatest artists of the twentieth century – Pablo Picasso – has died at the age of 91 at his Villa in France. He was buried near to his castle Wavenet.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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