The Northern sea route. Ports of the Northern sea route. The development, importance and development of the Northern sea route

Russia has significant marine areas in the Arctic. Through these spaces lies the Northern sea route (NSR) – a unique sea lanes with an interesting history and a very promising future.

The famous sea route that goes through the North

The Northern sea route is the main and most important highway of Russian shipping in the Arctic. He is on the seas that flow into the Arctic ocean. This marine highway connects ports located in European and far Eastern parts of Russia. The beginning of the Northern sea route in the Kara Gate. Ends up the road in Providence Bay. The total length of the Northern sea route – about 5600 km, first all this distance was Swedish nautical expedition led by Nordenskiöld in 1878-79.

The Northern sea route is actively used by Soviet sailors in 1940-80-ies. In the 70s, this line began to walk icebreakers. After the collapse of the Soviet Union it began to appear in foreign court. The major ports of the Northern sea route are Igarka, Dikson, Tiksi, Dudinka, Pevek and Providence. The navigation control carried out by the Department of Maritime transport of Russia (in the Soviet Union did GLAVSEVMORPUT, and then the Ministry of merchant marine).

Main ports

The Northern sea route starts in the Barents sea. He then continues in the waters of other seas-Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian and Chukchi. In each of the areas are the key ports of the Northern sea route. First, the Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, East – Dixon, in the area of the Yenisei Bay court pass through Dudinka and Igarka, coming into the Laptev sea – Nordvik, then Tiksi (the Lena Delta), Ambarchik (mouth of the Kolyma river) and Pevek port in Providence.

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Listed shipping infrastructure, which are located at the mouth of large rivers that function as transit point for cargo ships purposes. Northern sea route – line, which transported timber, machinery, coal, building materials, food, furs. Ports on the Northern sea route are adapted to receive large icebreaking vessels.

Problems of development of the SMP

Experts believe that the modernization of the infrastructure of the Russian Arctic will require significant financial and labor investments. Need to improve services in hydrography and meteorology, to establish a system of aerial reconnaissance of the ice moves to create public structures responsible for environmental control. It is necessary to increase the resources of the MOE, to improve the ports infrastructure.

In addition, analysts say, there are many unresolved issues regarding the regulatory framework governing the movement of ships along the Northern sea route. In many ways, this aspect will determine the attractiveness of the highways to foreign investors – not only in the field of cargo shipping as such, but also in adjacent segments. Such as Arctic tourism. There are many who want to make a trip to the North Pole, and Russia may become the world's largest providers of such travel services.

Interest from other countries

According to some experts, the development of the Northern sea route considers it his prerogative not only Russia, but also a number of other countries. First of all we are talking about major powers of the Asia-Pacific – China and India. Interest and a small, but influential States – such as Singapore. A number of Russian officials believed that the appropriate legal norms governing the movement of Maritime transport to foreign shipping companies.

The Situation, experts say, can be complicated by the position of the United States who do not believe that the key to the waters of the Northern sea route are exclusively within Russian jurisdiction. Moreover, the issues of legal regulation of the highway even in Russia there is no consensus. But there are lawyers who believe that Russia has every right to control the passage of ships along the Northern sea route due to the norms of the UN Convention on the law of the sea established in 1982.

Administration of SMP

The Main government body that aims to regulate the order of navigation in the NSR – the Northern sea route Administration, Central office which is located in Moscow. According to the norms of Russian law, navigation in the water area of the pipeline is carried out in the permitting procedure. Ship owners must apply for the use of the waters of the SMP. The administration of the Northern sea route consider and take a decision on issuing permission or denying it. Interestingly, the application procedure is quite modernized: documents can be sent electronically, and, moreover, in English, which is very convenient for foreign navigators. The NSR administration shall consider the application until 10 working days and places of your answer (the decision whether to issue or not to issue a permit) on the official website.

Navigation Rules

The Northern sea route of Russia – the highway, where there are rules of navigation prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Many requirements are the same character. For example, if the ship should be on SMP and crosses the Western (Eastern) frontier, then once a day the ship's captain must send to the Administration of the Northern sea route key information about your ship.

Among them – the geographical coordinates of the ship, the planned time spent in the waters of the SMP, the exact course, speed, as well as information about the presence on the route of the ship of ice. The ship's captain is obliged to immediately notify the NSR Administration about the detected sources of pollution. The types of vessels that cannot move in heavy ice concentrations, needs to coordinate with the icebreaker fleet and to stay in constant communication with the administration of the SMP, if necessary, follow the instructions for the further movement.

Route SMP

Some sailors prefer not to operate on such terms as the route of the Northern sea route, replacing it with the concept of “square”. The scale of the SMP, thus extending the territorial waters to the breadth of 12 miles and an economic zone of free movement of vessels within 200 miles. Area SMP – from the Kara Gate to the Bering Strait.

The Northern sea route, according to some sailors – is a complex of several waterways. Their specific length is not constant and depends mainly on seasonal changes in thickness and location of the Arctic ice. Northern sea route – more than 70 major ports and points. There are several regions of Russia (Chukotka, coast of Yakutia and adjacent regions) for which SMP – the only highway linking them with other parts of the country.

Nuclear-powered icebreakers at the Northern sea route

Due To geographical and climatic characteristics of the movement of ships along the Northern sea route is impossible without the participation of the icebreaker fleet. Now I go to SMP 6 nuclear-powered icebreakers. This fleet ensures the stability of the functioning of the motorways of the sea, and addresses challenges associated with facilitating access to the Extreme Northern regions of Russia and Arctic shelf. According to some experts, the icebreaking fleet of the Russian Federation-the guarantor of national security of the country. As such icebreaking ships goes for 8,000 miles-from Murmansk to Vladivostok. In fact, the two largest companies engaged in shipping in the NSR, was in these two cities. According to some experts, the icebreaker fleet needs to be increased. This will improve the economic profitability of the highway, to create new jobs in regions of the SMP, to improve the situation of migration from the North.

Economic Outlook

According to some experts, the SMP should be a competing route for the Suez canal and other major global offshore infrastructure. According to some analysts, the maximum throughput of SMP – about 50 million tons of cargo per year. Themselves sailors believe that SMP will be every year more and more popular – particularly against the background of growth of activity of oil and gas companies in the regions of Yamal and the Arctic.

An Important role in the efficient use of the highway, as I think the mariners must play by private investors. The dynamics is quite optimistic: in 2010, on SMP it's only been 4 larger vessels, in 2011-m – 34, and in 2012 – 46. Experts believe that there is every reason to expect further growth in activity of shipping companies in the water area of the NSR – both Russian and foreign.

The role of the state

According to some analysts, until the beginning of 2000-ies Russia was given a very weak influence of the development of the Arctic in General and Northern sea route in particular. However, in recent years, the government significantly intensified in these...