KAvZ-685. Soviet medium class bus

Hero of today's article - bus KAVZ-685. These cars were made at the Kurgan bus plant since 1971. Bus this rather small class than average. Specific purpose he was not, this machine is General purpose. This transport was calculated to work in rural areas, mostly on dirt roads. For this he was well equipped technically, have the necessary reserves of strength and had high traffic. Let's take a closer look at this vehicle. The old bus is very interesting. They have a special history, now they are probably almost no one goes.

History model

The History of this bus begins with the opening of the plant. It was in 1958. First, I made the Kurgan plant was 651-e models. Work on the development of these machines began in the 40-ies of the last century. The model was built on the chassis and major components from the GAZ-51. So, when in the 60s, Gas has begun to produce a new GAZ-53A, Kurgan plant ready to create a new bus in this chassis.

In the late 60's began to appear the first prototypes KAVZ-685. These early machines had a slightly different design, not like on the basic GAZ-53A. There was another radiator cladding. The coverage was presented in the form of four factor system. Later the designers decided to abandon this design. And in a series of buses came with the traditional front part of the base Gas.

To start serial production of buses, the plant's management conducted a full reconstruction of the enterprise. So, significantly expanded production area.

The Reconstruction was successful and in 1971 the first KAVZ-685 have produced. The production model had the standard bonnet, but still a bit different from the main series design of windscreens. Full serial production was able to start in 1973. In 1974, at the enterprise the line down the 100,000 th copy. During the production several times the model was varied and the design and technical equipment.

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KAVZ-685: technical specifications

This model was replaced by the 651 bus. However, the design is almost not changed. Here we can see the car with such layout and not too large capacity. The bus was very simple maintenance, and, as we already know, intended for work in conditions of dirt roads.

Although the chassis of the old and new models still have differences, and the old Kurgan bus is also very different from the new, the new model we see large overall dimensions, is modern, given that the buses in front of us, USSR, design. The new vehicle can accommodate 28 people, had a good technical, dynamic and traction characteristics. Characteristics of this ancestor of modern buses fully meet the requirements that imposes the time.

The Engine

The First model KAVZ-685 was equipped with a carbureted four-stroke eight-cylinder engines. It was ZMZ 53A. The cylinders in these power units were located V-shaped.

The Power of this motor is 120 HP, the rotational speed was 3200 R/m. the Engine was good at the time, torque – 245 N/m. the Volume of the engine was 4,25 L. Car required 24 liters of fuel per 100 km Tank of the bus had a capacity of 105 HP and Maximum speed on this motor was 90 km/h.

Drivetrain

Here, all the same as on Gas. KAvZ-685 was completed with a four-speed transmission. It is known that box was a slightly modified model PPC GAS-5312. Transmission after revisions received synchronizers on third and trait transmission.

The Clutch on these machines used single dry plate. The mechanism was spring, the peripheral. Included clutch by means of a hydraulic drive.

Brake system

The Brakes have been implemented in a two-loop system. The brakes themselves were drum, which worked on all the wheels. To activate the brake, the engineers have also used hydraulic drive, which is also equipped with a vacuum booster.

Geometry

The Body had a length of 6.6 m, width of 2.55 meters, the height of the bus was 3.03 m Wheelbase is 3.7 m, and ground clearance - 265 mm.

Curb weight of the vehicle – of 4.08 T. the total mass – 6.5 tonnes Wheel formula chassis – 4 x 2. The minimum turning radius of this machine was 8 m.

Exterior

I can't say anything new. Like all other buses of the Soviet Union, the body of the bus was also made of solid metal. The body was made in a conventional layout. The hood has greatly simplified the access of drivers and mechanics for internal nodes and power unit. This allows you to quickly and efficiently carry out service and repair work.

Inside

The bus was allowed comfortable vmese 28 passengers. Seats 21. So that passengers can sit, the designers have provided them with only one side door. Another salon had an emergency exit through the back door. Pro salon also nothing special to say, but he had an excellent heating system. She's in severe cold weather well warmed up the cabin inside. Systemventilation - natural. To do this, engineers and designers have provided for side Windows and hatches.

To make passengers more comfortable to use the vehicle in the cabin was provided with a soft seat. Separately want to say about cloth seat trim. It was very durable and could easily last for one or two seasons before it was replaced. The driver does not separated from the passengers. So, safety standards did not include partitions. The driver got to their workplace by a separate door.

Driver's seat

Workspace had all the conditions that the driver did not get tired on regular flights. The chair can be adjusted to remove from the dashboard, and was also adjustable angle.

Old buses was not equipped with power steering, but the wheel of this car had a large diameter, which simplified management. All the necessary knobs and switches were in convenient places.

On the dashboard was only the most necessary. So, designers and engineers have taken care to ensure that the driver's attention is not scattered.

The Mirrors were unrealistically large. They advocated the dimensions of the body. It happened so much to improve the view of the road. The windshield had a partition. Each part was equipped with a wiper. This allowed us to keep the glass clean and not interfere with driving.

About the repair and service

It is Worth saying that these models are not problems neither the drivers nor the mechanics. The car was based on the GAZ-53A, which, before its use for the construction of the bus, I passed a lot of tests. Chassis is the Kurgan plant was well prepared to work in the absence of paved roads.

Because engineers at that time, creating a new model tried to build a machine so as to unify the main units with the old models at a time no problem got the necessary parts. Bus KAVZ-685, and its design allows the mechanics in case of failure is easy to detect faults and work to correct.

Modifications

On the basis of this model came out with various modifications. They were created for use in areas of the country with different climate. 685С model was developed for driving on Northern areas. There prevailed a very low temperature, so the machine was equipped with a warmer covering, double glazed Windows and a heated engine.

There were other models. For example, 685Г was designed for mountain areas. So the car could safely overcome the serpentines of mountain roads, the bus is equipped with special brakes and retarders, and in the cabin for passengers mounted seat belts.

In conclusion

For its time it was a great bus. Engineers did a good job. Sometimes these machines can still be seen somewhere on rural roads. They are still working somewhere- that's what the Soviet quality.