GAZ-63 Soviet truck. History, description, specifications

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2019-03-01 09:00:33

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Gorky automobile plant is known for its trucks. The ordinary, rear-wheel drive GAZ-51 became a legend of the domestic automobile industry. Four-wheel drive GAZ-63 undeservedly remained in memory only, enthusiasts, and historians attention don't spoil him.

The Beginning of creation history

The Famous lorry GAZ-AA was the only truck in the last decade before the great Patriotic war. It is outdated morally, technically and had to be replaced. The army was in dire need of four-wheel drive truck with high cross.GAZ 63

In early 1938, at the Gorky automobile plant them. Molotov began work on the creation of a series of trucks designed for difficult road conditions. Two - and three-axle four-wheel drive truck chassis differed mainly by the length of the base.

The First domestic four-wheel drive car GAZ-63 was launched in April 1938. A year was built the first prototypes, which was originally called the GAZ-62. They installed upgraded engines from lorry GAZ-MM 50 HP Cab used pickup truck GAZ-415, and suspension developed specifically for this model.

Design features

The Development of new cabin construction is not engaged. The main objective was to create an all-terrain vehicle, so the focus was on suspension.

A different layout-the engine was located over the front axle-allowing the reduction of the base length to increase capacity.

For the First time established single wheel with the same front and rear track, all of them were leading, while for fuel-saving front-wheel drive can be disabled. The gable of the rear wheels in the sand and dirt are forced to extend the trail lead to unnecessary power consumption. Distribution box has been installed so that the length of the driveshafts to the front and to the rear axle were the same. Dependent suspension of all wheels was located on semi-elliptic leaf springs, and the front still had hydraulic shock-absorbers of bilateral action. Hydraulic has become the drive of a manual brake.

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In early 1943 on the car changed the cabin and engine. With a cab "Studebaker" he lasted until the end of lend-lease.

Resumed the production of this car in 1948 with cab from the GAZ-51. The dimensions of the GAZ-63 in the updated version made 5525×2200×2245 mm.

Military equipment on the basis of the machine

In October 1943, at the Gorky automobile plant began to develop a wheeled self-propelled gun with the gun caliber 76 mm. By may 1944, was issued the first copy. On both sides the guns were seats driver and commander-gunner. The ammunition consisted of fifty-eight shells. Fought this machine at the end of the great Patriotic war.

In Parallel with the development of the model of the truck at its base in 1947, it was designed light biaxial armored vehicle with a monocoque body, dubbed the BTR-40. The APC was designed for eight Marines. The wheelbase is decreased by 600 mm, engine power raised to 81 HP, increasing the upper limit speed and sacrificing durability for special military equipment did not matter.

GAZ-63

Armed was BTR heavy machine gun Goryunova system, the ammunition which consisted of 1260 rounds. The machine gun can be installed on the sides of one of the four brackets. On the same brackets you can install a manual machine gun DP, which were armed Marines. Modification of the BTR-40 was fitted with the twin heavy machine guns KVPT. In 1993, the armoured vehicle withdrawn from service.

On the chassis of GAZ-63 was produced in 1950 and combat vehicle rocket launchers BM-14 «Katyusha».

Mass production

Since the beginning of the fall of 1948 began the serial production of GAZ-63. Characteristics by that time he has successfully defended the state testing, which was overcome rises to 30°, fords to 0.9 m and ditches to 0.76 m deep. Consumption of the cheapest gasoline A-66 ranged from 25 to 29 litres per 100 kilometres, capacity on the highway – 2.0 t, on a dirt road – 1.5 t

A Significant drawback of this car was instability in fast turns. Ground clearance was 270 mm with a narrow gauge, it increased permeability of the truck, but the increase in height and led to the overturning on bends and slopes. This was especially true of high vehicles on chassis GAZ-63, for example, vans or tanks.GAS specifications 63

In the Summer of 1968 was released last production car. For all the time it was released 474 thousand cars of various modifications. They were exported to the socialist countries, Finland, the middle East, Asia and Africa.

Export

The GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia in Eastern Europe, Vietnam, North Korea, Laos and Mongolia in Asia, Cuba, African countries – States, which were delivered to GAZ-63. The export price of the cars was understated. Equipment supplied within the framework of fraternal assistance to friendly countries.

Abroad was delivered not only to the base model four-wheel drive truck GAZ-63 and 63A, and its modification 63П in export and tropical options, cars withshielded equipment 63Э, buses on this chassis and other models.

In addition, North Korea since 1961 under brand name of Sungri-61 Sungri-61NA in China since 1965, under the brand Yuejin NJ230 and NJ230A was made under Soviet license cars based on this car.GAS Price 63

In the fighting in the DPRK, a Soviet four-wheel drive army truck proved to be the real war machine and deserve the recognition of the military.

Military vehicle

Until the 1950's the car's cabin was made of wood, then metal, with wooden doors, and from 1956 – all-metal. She was cramped and cold, the heater in construction has appeared only in 1952, despite the fact that pre-propriately installed in cars since the early release.

The Cargo platform with a high slatted wooden boards were equipped with hinged longitudinal benches for transporting soldiers. The tailgate was hinged. From the weather protected awning, which was stretched on four arches, installed in a special socket. The height of the car cover was 2 810 mm.the sizes of the GAS 63

Increased functionality of the vehicle and that he could tow trailers with a lifting capacity of two tons.

Off-road Military truck GAZ-63 was used for the transportation of personnel, for towing guns, for mounting fighting installations.

Modifications SUV

The Basic off-road modifications to the truck were only two.

In Parallel with the basic model produced a modification with a winch on the front end of the elongated frame of GAZ-63A to recovery and help others in difficult road conditions. Winch wire rope length of 65 m was driven by the propeller shaft through a PTO from the transmission and developed a tractive force of up to 4.5 t weight 240 kg more than the base model.GAZ 63

In 1958, was released tractor GAS 63П with smaller wheels to work with single axle semi-trailer carrying up to four tons. The rear wheels of the tractor had already been pitched. And next year, the plant began to produce tractor GAS 63Д. In its design, unlike the previous modification included a PTO and mechanical output to drive the tipping mechanism in the design of the trailer.

Special vehicles based SUV

Tankers, mesosaprobic, milk tanks, vans, mobile workshops, staff and medical vehicles, disinfection of the installation, the screw-rotor machine was going on the basis of GAZ-63. Fire car communications and lighting, tank trucks several modifications produced Vargashinskiy factory of anti-fire equipment. Staff and bag fire trucks were produced at the Moscow plant fire trucks.

GAS fire 63

For the military, in addition to basic models, staff and medical buses, shielded warm and tight machines when produced disinfection-shower installation DDA-53A for sanitary processing in the field of personnel, disinfection and disinfestation of clothing and equipment. Installation supplied with a steam boiler, liquid fuel or wood-working pressure which had four of the atmosphere, a boiler-accumulator, manual pump, presevation, control equipment, open two disinfection chambers and showers with twelve showers in the grids.

Specifications

Since the plant is almost at the same time with the army was created a truck civilian use GAZ-51, most of the components and parts were standardized, which allowed time to assemble these cars on the same Assembly line, adesivi thereby simplifying Assembly and operation.

The Engine of an army jeep set with GAZ-51 six-cylinder gasoline Nizhnekamsky capacity of 3.5 thousand cubic meters. a Little extra capacity 70 HP and a speed of 65 km/h offset by a reserve with a full load without refueling 780 km.GAS Diesel 63

Two fuel tanks, main and secondary, were given a fuel capacity of almost 200 liters of gasoline. GAZ-63 (diesel) appeared in various improvised versions and refined by craftsmen so far.

The Gearbox in this car four-speed, clutch-single plate, dry, transfer case-two stage and a shift stage, which includes not only reduction, but direct drive to reduce fuel consumption on highways.

The GAZ-63 was a hardy, undemanding and easy to operate, had high traffic, due to these characteristics had been produced for almost twenty years. It can be found now not only among fans - with conservation, in the competition, but also on the road. Its price varies in the market from 60 to 450 thousand rubles, depending on the condition and existence of the native parts and assemblies.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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