ZIL-134: technical specifications

ZIL-134 – experienced multi-purpose tractor, created in 50-ies of the last century in the USSR. The car was distinguished by the presence of a number of innovative at that time, systems such as multi-link suspension, Central tire inflation and other. The level of development of this technique for several decades anticipated the development of the domestic automotive equipment of high passability.

Project organization of several plants in the USSR since the mid-50s, began to intensively develop and design various equipment for the defense Department. Among these organizations was the salvage of the Plant Likhachev. He headed the office known for his development of the engineer-designer Vitaly Grachev.

The Rover

In 1955, under the leadership Grachev, experts ZIL was established experimental model of artillery tractor ZIS-Э134. He became a model “number one” and had unusual features and specifications. Having experience of designing of similar technology, the team of design Bureau began development of the ZIL-134. It was planned that this car will be a medium artillery tractor ATK-6.
Eight-wheel all-terrain vehicle, wheel formula 8x8 which were designed for towing various trailers and other equipment weighing up to 6 tons over rough terrain. On earth coverage car pulled up to 7.2 tons of weights. On the road – loads and trailers up to 15 tonnes. In addition, inside the vehicle could accommodate up to 8 people, and up to 4 tons of cargo. These requirements are then matched only tracked vehicles.

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However, the engineers were able to develop something unique. The design of the ZIL-134 technical experts managed to implement the most progressive and advanced ideas, which are then applied in practice. To ensure high off-road capability each drive axle was located at the same distance from each other. So, four bridges set at intervals of 1450 mm.

Cabin and its equipment

The Cabin was fully organized in the front overhang. The power unit is mounted behind it. Overhangs on both sides were minimal. Ladder-type frame of high-strength materials easily withstand a serious load. Platform designed for combat calculations, can be equipped with arcs and awning. If necessary, it can all be removed.

The Required climate inside the cabin for three passengers (which by the way, had very good visibility) supported the stove connected to the cooling system of the power unit. Seat and backrest is easily turned into two seats, which can comfortably sleep. ZIL truck on the roof of the cabin had a hatch.

Under the hood

The Car is a truck with four axles and wheel 8x8 scheme. The front four wheels – managed. In the factory were developing the engine specifically for this vehicle. Under the hood was the engine of the ZIL-134 V12 - petrol unit that was initially established for experience Э134. The volume of this 12-cylinder monster was 10.4 L. engine Power – 240 HP In General, the power unit consisted of two experimental six-cylinder V-shaped Э180. With all the innovations that have been implemented in this motor, it worked quite reliably.
Because Of the frequent problems and failures in the operation of the ignition system often burned valve pistons. Also fail the mechanism timing. Along with this, we regularly observed breakdown of the accessories, was made and burned gaskets in the cylinder head. If the nameplate capacity of 240 forces the real numbers were only 200 HP it was not enough to obtain the required thrust and momentum.

The Original features of the design

The Power plant was equipped with new systems and mechanisms – they are fully original. This is a centrifugal filter for fine purification, hydrotalcite. The design uses an inertia starter, preheater, working both on electricity and on gasoline. He helped start a cold motor. Also the engine was equipped with a clutch off of the fan. It was run automatically, the two attenuators and surge tank.

Twin Brother

Outwardly the car was practically identical to the lines and the lineaments of the Minsk wheel drive all-terrain vehicle MAZ-535.

This technique was developed in the Minsk Assembly design Bureau in 1954-m to year. The first production copies have come to light in ' 61. Machine was made for three years, after which it was replaced by a more powerful tractor model 537. Minsk Rover had the same drive system and wheel formula. The differences were only in the technical stuffing, and then only minimal.

Automatic transmission

Managing the ZIL-134 significantly facilitated by the presence of automatic transmission – Yes, it is. Particularly relevant was the automatic transmission off-road. Transmission this vehicle was a two node – the torque Converter and the transmission in three stages. CPR – planetary type.

Parallel flow of torque to the leading bridgeswas carried out through the use of a pair of two-speed transfer boxes. This was the function of the separate connection of the front and back of the box.
Differentials on single-stage main gear was equipped with a mechanical lock type. Later on ZIL truck already set limited slip differentials. At different times used different types of them.

In drives the front wheels used the most advanced for the period of ball joints Rzeppa, a feature of which is that they are synchronous. To increase ground clearance 470 mm wheel equipped with gears.

Performance

A Smooth ride and high driving performance on the roads and in rough terrain this car provided the suspension is independent type. Engineers used a torsion-lever system and telescopic shock absorbers. Suspension travel was 220 mm. To rotate the two front pairs of wheels were used powerful hydraulic amplifier.

Brakes and tires

Below the heavy car could safely slow down in critical situations, engineers have developed a special brake. So, the machine is equipped with sealed drum machines. As they used pneumatic-hydraulic actuator system.

The Car was equipped with special tires with thin walls. Feature them in a very low pressure. Tire size – 16.00-20.00. The pressure inside them ranged from 0.5 to 1.25 kg/cm2. The pressure level was maintained and modified automatically using a centralized system. This had a positive impact on the maneuverability and handling characteristics of the tractor. The truck was able to move even if the tire is punctured or there was a cross.

The Car was equipped with a drum winch with trissocladius and forced results of the cable. It is set between the third and the second drive shaft. Chassis features and specifications of off-road performance has been improved due to the absence of protruding parts at the bottom of the pan and smooth. The body is completely sealed, allowing this vehicle to overcome even the water hazard.

Testing

In the Winter of 1957, and then in the spring, specialists from the design Bureau of the plant named after Likhachev was built two cars. They tests showed excellent results. Tractor ATK-6 at the off-road capabilities significantly outperformed the production model of the plant ZIL-157. The permeability is strongly affected by the wheelbase of the car (1450+1450 mm). The Rover is practically not inferior to tracked designs. As for average speeds, the machine has surpassed the ZIL-157 and tracked vehicle GAZ-47 and at-C. At full load the tractor could easily climbing over 40 degrees, ditches with a width of 1.5 m, a scarp height of 1 m.

With a fully sealed housing the machine easily passed the fords, regardless of their depth. The car was able to move in the water at low speeds, approximately 2 to 3 km/h.
The Car could pull a trailer to tow aircraft weighing up to 70 tons.

Other data

The Length of the car was 7160 mm, width – 2700 mm height – 2650. Curb weight of the SUV - 10 of 600 mm. total weight reached 15 tons. Payloads, the Rover must withstand a load of 4 tons. Wheelbase – 1450+1450+1450 mm. fuel Consumption when driving on rough terrain without load – 59 liters per 100 kilometers. Fuel tank capacity of the machine was 500 l

Conclusion

So we found out what is the ZIL-134 technical specifications. As you can see, this is a car with an interesting history. Live to see such instances is now not possible.