ZIL-4105 ("Bronekapsuly") - armored car class: description, specifications

After the war the automobile division of plant named after Stalin is an independently developed and released an armored version of the ZIS-110. Then came a period of lull in the production of such vehicles. This Time period the leaders of the USSR used ordinary limousines with closed and open bodies. The impetus for the development of the limousine reservation was attempted in January 1969, to L. I. Brezhnev. Shortly after this incident, the ZIL factory was commissioned to develop an armored version of the base limousine.

Development bronekapsuly

The Development and creation of armored capsule for the limo was extremely Time consuming. The layout of the machine was to be ready by the end of 1982, but in fact the machine was ready only after a year.

Cars were called ZIL-4105 and was built using elements of the external appearance of the limousine 4104. For such vehicles often used the term "limousine hidden booking".

Body Structure

When designing the car designers used a number of original solutions. Existed at the time in the world, the concept called for the installation of the booking sheets are Under the standard body trim. For all its advantages, this reservation scheme is quite vulnerable to small arms bullets.

The specialists of the plant ZIL proposed an entirely different design of body armor. The basis of the domestic scheme was welded armored capsule from thin sheets of steel grade 68HGLMN. Around this carrier capsule built body Car of standard body panels limousine. With this design managed to provide a low weight of the car – in the range of 5250 kg. But the manufacture of capsules was very Time consuming process because of the complicated technology with a huge amount of manual labour. According to current estimates the manufacturing cost of such a machine would be about 600 thousand U.S. dollars. One of the surviving cars is on sale for 62 Million rubles, in the sale there are Else one car – is over 27 Million rubles.

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Bronekapsuly for ZIL-4105 was made Custom made engineering plant in Kurgan. The choice of location for the manufacture of capsules was obvious – Kurgan plant for many years engaged in the development, Assembly, and repair of buildings for the Easy armored vehicles. Only from 1982 to 1987, Was made of 25 capsules.

Passengers

Armored luxury car ZIL-4105 defended leaves Steel thickness of 4 to 10 mm open Joints of panels were performed in steps which prevented the bullets and the spray of lead to penetrate into the interior. Frontal bulletproof glass had a thickness of 43 mm, all other glass thickness 47 mm. Glass of all doors were fixed. Due to the design of the car had a very low center of gravity. Because of this, the moving limo impossible to overturn.

Fuel tank had a protector, which is not allowed to leak out fuel when the through damage. Thanks to this solution, borrowed from aviation, managed to ensure a high fire safety of the limousine. The development and production of tanks Capacity 120 liters fulfilled a specialized Steel research Institute.

During testing prototypes ZIL-4105 was fired from different types of small arms, including large-caliber sniper rifle. The strength of the roof and underbody checked demolition grenades. The design of the machine was successfully tested. The car came with a tire of special construction, which allowed to proceed with high speed at the cross. The car was equipped with microphone external speaker in the glove box and the rear seat armrest (on the right, along with remote air conditioning).

It is Interesting to note that in parallel the same application was tested armored limousine “Cadillac”, which is also quite successful Passed cycle of inspections. But protection parameters and General characteristics of ZIL-4105 was significantly higher thanoverseas counterpart.

Modified cars

Despite the small-scale production, there were several types of armored limousines:

• ZIL-4105-based body panels ZIL-4104. It was collected several prototypes for testing.
• ZIL-41051-based body panels ZIL-41045, with Changed front plumage of the body. Only built about 10 copies.
• ZIL-41052-based body panels ZIL-41047.

All the built machines were actively operated the highest leadership of the USSR and Russia.

Engine limousine

The Power plant of armored limousines had differences from the standard version. For all machines used eight-cylinder petrol engine in the model 4104. The engine had a working volume of nearly 7.7 litres and developed the power to 315 HP. The motor was equipped with Low noise chain driven camshafts and hydraulic compensators clearances in the valve gear. The engine was not economical – the lowest possible fuel consumption was approximately 22 liters.

In the design of the engine pistons had a special ledge, which helped prevent detonation. To maintain the oil temperature, I used two radiator. With one of the radiators is used for preheating oil when starting a cold engine. An interesting feature of the motor was the breakwater into the oil pan. It helped reduce the oil foaming and the exposure of mosapramine at high rpm.

To increase Reliability the engine was equipped with a redundant ignition system. Emergency ignition switched toggle switch from the driver's seat. When you activate this mode, the high voltage was applied simultaneously on all the candles, what allowed to start a stalled engine.

Drivetrain

Cars were equipped with Traditional limos ZIL a three-speed automatic transmission. Late model boxes GMP-4105 had a fixed position on the first or second gear, which helped to overcome difficult sites of roads.

Between the box and the rear axle was located the propeller shaft consisting of two parts. Due to the large length of the shaft had extra support.

Interior Comfort

Description ZIL-4105 would be incomplete without mention of the features of the internal equipment. Armoured skeleton changed the heat transfer elements of the body, so the design of the heating system turned on the heater with a larger capacity. The first air heater was located in the usual position under the instrument panel, the second – the rear seat backrest. That was the only difference the armored version. The air conditioning system has not changed.

The Rest of the interior remained unchanged. The driver's compartment separated from passenger compartment by a glass partition, Include electric. In the back there was a double sofa and two additional folding seats. The armrests in the side rear of the sofa had remote audio controls (right) and microclimate system (left). The audio system is factory produced “radio” in the Baltic States. The system included Receiver, a cassette player and remote control.

The floor is made of natural Carpet, and for the upholstery of the rear seats – imported mohair. All car doors had forced the lock actuator from the vacuum pump.