Automatic transmission - how to use? Switching modes and control of transmission

Today, many novice drivers, and motorists with experience, choose a car with automatic transmission. Beginners, as a rule, are often frightened of the need to change gears when driving, well experienced drivers just appreciated the possibility of a calm and measured movement on the machine equipped with automatic transmissions. But when a newbie buys his own car, he often does not know how to exploit the “machine”. Unfortunately, it is not taught in driving schools, and because it affects the safety and life of the mechanisms of transmission. Let's see how to operate the automatic transmission, so that in the future not to have problems with it.

The Types of automatic transmission

Before we talk about how to drive on automatic transmission, it is necessary to consider the types of units that producers complement modern vehicles. From what species the one or other box, depends on how to use it.

Hydrotransformer PPC

This is probably the most popular and classic solution. Hydrotransformer models are used for the majority of all the cars that are available today. It was with this design and began the development of the automatic transmission to the masses.

I must say that the torque Converter actually is not part of the switching mechanism. Its function – the grip on the box "automatic", that is, the torque Converter transmits torque from engine to wheels in the process of starting the car.

The Engine and the mechanism of “machine” does not have hard links to each other. The rotational energy is transmitted by means of special transmission oil – it is constantly circulates in the closed circuit under high pressure. This scheme allows the engine included with the transfer work in the case where the machine is.

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For switching hydraulic system responds, or rather, the hydraulic unit, but this is the General case. In modern models of operation modes are determined by the electronics. Thus, the transmission can operate in normal, sport or economy mode.

The Mechanical part is these boxes are quite reliable and repairable. The hydrogroup is a vulnerable place. If his valves are not working properly, then the driver will face unpleasant effects. But in case of failure in stores have parts automatic transmission, although the repair cost is quite expensive.

As for driving characteristics of a car equipped with hydrotransformer CAT, they depend on the settings of the electronics – rpm sensor, automatic transmission and other sensors, and as a result of these readings is sent to a switching at the right time.

Previously, these boxes were offered only with four gears. Modern models have 5, 6, 7 and even 8 assists. According to the manufacturer, a higher number of transmissions helps to improve the dynamic characteristics, smooth motion and switching and saving of fuel.

Stepless variator

The external signs of this technical solution from the traditional “machine” is no different, but the functionality is completely different. There's no transmission, and the system does not switch. The gear ratios are changed continuously and without interruption – this is not dependent on the speed is reduced or the engine spins. These boxes provide maximum smoothness – comfort for the driver.

Another plus for the variable speed transmission which is so fond of drivers – speed. This transmission does not waste time in the process of switching – if you want to gain speed, it will be immediately on maximum effective torque to give the car acceleration.

Automatic transmission: how to use

Here are the modes and rules of operation for the usual traditional hydrotransformer machines. They are installed on most vehicles.

Main modes of transmission

To determine basic operating rules, you must first deal with those modes that offer these mechanisms.

For all without an exception cars with automatic transmission the following mandatory modes – “P”, “R”, “D”, “N”. And so the driver could select the desired mode, the box is equipped with a selector lever range. In appearance it is virtually indistinguishable from the selector switch a manual transmission. The difference it that the process of change of the transmission is effected in a straight line.

The Modes are displayed on the control panel – it is very convenient, especially for novice drivers. In the process of motion there is no need to be distracted from the road and head down to see what gear the car goes.

Automatic box “P” is the Parking. This mode will turn off all the vehicle components. It should move only at long stops or in Parking lots. Also in this mode start the motor.

“R” is reverse gear. When you select this mode the machine will go in reverse. To the hospital is recommended only after the machine is completely stopped; also it is important to remember that the rear turns on only when fully pressed the brake. Any other sequence of actions may causesubstantial harm to the gears and motor. It is very important to know all those who have automatic transmission. How to use it correctly, suggest experts and experienced drivers. Heed to these tips, they really help.

“N” - neutral or neutral gear. In this position, the motor is not transmitting torque to the chassis and operates in the idle mode. It is recommended to use this transfer only for short stops. Also, do not include box to the neutral position when driving. Some professionals suggest towing the car in this mode. When the automatic transmission is in the neutral position, the engine start is prohibited.

Modes of motion transmission

“D” - mode of movement. When the box is in this position, the car moves forward. The programs are alternately switched in the process of the driver pushing the gas pedal.

The Car-a machine can have 4, 5, 6, 7 and even 8 assists. The lever of a choice band on such a car can have multiple options moving forward – “D3", "D2", "D1". Symbols can also be without the letter. These numbers show on the top available gear.

The mode "D3" the driver can use the first three gears. In these terms much better to slow down than usual “D”. This mode is recommended to use a when to go without snubbing simply impossible. Also this transfer is effective with frequent descents or climbs.

"D2" is, accordingly, only the first two gears. In this position the box is transferred at speeds up to 50 km/h this mode is Often used in difficult conditions – this may be a forest road or serpentine. In this position the maximum use of possibility of braking by motor. Put the box in "D2" in traffic.

“D1" is only the first gear. In this position, the automatic transmission is used in the case if the car is difficult to disperse above 25 km/h. an Important tip for those who have an automatic transmission (how to use all its features) you should not include this mode at high speeds, otherwise it will skid.

“0D” - high-range. This is an extreme position. It should be used if the machine has picked up speed from 75 to 110 km/h out of the transmission is recommended when the rate fell to 70 km/h. This allows to significantly reduce fuel consumption on motorways.

Enable all of these modes in any order during the movement of the car. Now you can watch only the speedometer and tachometer no longer needed.

Additional features

On most gear boxes are also implemented auxiliary modes. This is the normal mode, sport, Overdrive, winter and economical.

The Normal mode is used under normal conditions. Economical achieves smooth and quiet ride. In sport mode the electronics will trip the motor on high – the driver gets all that is capable machine, but savings will have to forget. Winter mode is designed to work in the conditions of slippery surfaces. The vehicle is started instead of the first with the second or even third gear.

These settings are often included with separate buttons or switches. You also need to say that, despite all the benefits for drivers, which gives an automatic gearbox, the drivers want to drive a car. There's nothing better than how to shift gears in your car. To solve this problem, engineers of the company Porsche has created a mode of operation automatic "Tiptronic". It is an imitation of manual work with the box. It lets you manually need to raise or lower the transmission.

Automatic transmission: how to drive

In the process of starting the car from the scene, and also at change of direction mode box switch while pressing the brake. When changing the direction of movement also is not necessary to temporarily install the box in a neutral position.

Take your foot off the brake is recommended only after the driver will feel the push – this suggests that transmission is fully engaged.

If you need to stop at traffic lights and in case of congestion, it is not necessary to set the selector to the neutral position. Also I do not advise to do it on descents. If the car is stalling, you do not need much pressure on the gas is harmful. Better turn on downshifts and using the brake to let the wheels rotate slowly.

The Other subtleties of work with automatic transmissions can only be comprehended with the driving experience.

Rules of operation

The First thing you need to press the brake pedal. Then the selector is translated in a mode of motion. Next you should release the Parking brake. The brake pedal should go down smoothly-the car will start to move. All the switching and manipulation of the automatic transmission is made through the brake with your right foot.

To reduce the speed, it is best to let go of the gas pedal – all broadcasts will be switched automatically.

The Basic rule-no sharp sets of speed, sharp braking, or any sudden movements. This leads to wear of the friction discsand increase the distance between them. This can then lead to what will appear unpleasant shocks when shifting transmission.

Some professionals suggest give the box a rest. For example, when Parking can allow the car to roll at idle, no gas. Only then can you push on the accelerator.

Automatic transmission: what not to do

It is Strictly forbidden to load from cold. Even if the side of the car is kept zero temperature, the first kilometers are best to overcome at low speeds – is very harmful to carton rapid acceleration and jerks. A novice driver should remember also that in order to fully warm up the transmission, you need more time than to warm up the power unit.

The Automatic transmission is not designed for off road and extreme applications. A modern CAT classic design not like the slip of the wheels. The best method driving in this case – the exception is a sharp spin on bad roads. If the vehicle is stuck, help shovel – not worth much to load transmission.

The experts Also recommended not to overload the classic automatic transmission high loads – mechanisms to overheat and as a consequence stronger and faster wear out. To tow trailers and other cars – an early death for the machine.

In addition, do not start a car with automatic transmission, with a "pusher". Though many motorists violate this rule, it should be remembered that it will be consequences for the mechanism.

Also, you must be aware of some features in the switch. In neutral you can remain, but under the condition of holding the brake pedal. In the neutral position never switch off the power unit – this can be done only in position “Parking”. It is forbidden to translate the selector in the “Parking” position “R” movement.

Typical fault

Among the typical faults experts identify damage to rocker arms, oil leak, problems with the electronics and hydraulic unit. Sometimes not working tachometer. Also sometimes there are problems with the torque Converter, not running the engine speed sender.

If the box has any trouble when you move the lever, it signs of problems with the selector. For the solution is required to replace the item – parts of automatic transmissions is in the automotive stores.

Often a failure occur due to oil leakage from the system. It often happens that the automatic transmission is flowing from under the seals. You should frequently inspect the units on the overpass or the pit. If leaking there, it is a signal that urgent repair of the unit. If you do all the time, then the problem can be solved by replacing the oil and seals.

On some cars it happens is a situation that is not working tachometer. If you stop and speedometer, the transmission may go into emergency mode. Often these problems are solved very, very simply. The problem lies in the special sensor. If it is replace or clean its contacts, then all returned to their seats. You need to check the rpm sensor automatic transmission. It is located on the housing of the box.

Motorists Also faced with incorrect operation of the automatic transmission because of problems in electronics. Often the control unit reads the wrong rpm to shift. The cause may be the engine speed sender. Repair of the unit itself – it's pointless, but replacing the sensor and the ribbon cable will help.

Very often out of order hydraulic unit. For example, this can happen if the driver improperly operated the transmission. If the machine does not get warm in the winter, when the hydraulic unit is very vulnerable. Problems with the hydraulic unit are often accompanied by a variety of vibrations, some users diagnose jolts when shifting automatic transmission. In modern cars about this breakdown will help you to learn the on-Board computer.

Operation of the automatic transmission in the winter time

The Majority of automatic transmission failures happen in the winter. This is due to the negative impact of low temperatures on system resources and the fact that on the ice when pulling away the wheels are skidding – this is not the best way affects the condition.

Before the onset of cold weather enthusiast needs to check the condition of the transmission fluid. If it is noticed blotches of metal shavings if fluid was dark and murky, it should be replaced. As for General rules, oil change and filters, for use in our country is recommended to do this every 30,000 km mileage.

If the machine is stuck, then you should not use “D”. In this case, will switch on downshifts. If no low, then a car pull traffic back and forth. But shouldn't abuse it.

To avoid skidding when downshifting on a slippery road, for front wheel drive cars need to hold the accelerator pedal to rear wheel drive – on the contrary, release the brake pedal. Before the turn is better to use a lower gear.

That's all that can be said about what is an automatic transmission, how to use it andwhat rules should be observed. At first glance it may seem that it is extremely finicky mechanism with a small work online. However, at observance of all these rules, this unit will live the entire lifetime of the vehicle and will delight its owner. Automatic transmission mousoleum to immerse themselves in the driving process, without thinking about choosing the right gear - it's taken care of, the computer. If the time to service the transmission and do not load it beyond its capacity, it will bring only positive emotions in the process of using the car in various conditions.