All the people living on our planet are interconnected in a variety of numerous stable and not very community. They are called groups. Similar community are different, namely: social, large and small, formal and informal, virtual and real, employment and training, etc. in addition, isolated groups of low and high level of development.
For the first of them is characterized by the lack of cohesion, a clear division leaders and personal relationships. A group of high level of development is called the team. This community possesses those properties that do not exist in the formation at a low level of its development.
The Path, which is a group of low level to the uppermost step of its development, individual. But ultimately, this community has a significant impact on a person.
A Group of people reaches its highest level of development, if there is:
- the overall objective;
- joint activity;
codependent relationship of responsibility;
- General management, which can either be one of the most respected members or the authorities.
In a team there are different types of relations:
- personal, which are based on sympathy, antipathy and affection.
- business needed for collaborative tasks.
Of Particular importance in the formation of personality is the educational group. Create it in the school and form pupils on the basis of shared aspirations on the road to success, and on the basis of normal social relations. In a similar team is a high organization of interpersonal relations and self-government. The formation of such a community stimulates students to improve the focus, shaping their culture and behavior and positive interpersonal relationships.
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In the school team consists of the following elements:
- primary (classes);
- temporary (clubs, sports clubs);
- formal (self-governing body of the school, the student's Committee);
informal.
The Formation of student's personality in the school team takes place through:
- educational work;
- extra-curricular activities;
- work;
is a cultural, educational and social work.
To form a healthy school team, you must:
- to raise the student's asset, helping the teacher and a positive influence on all his classmates.
- the right to organize sports, educational, employment and training activities;
- articulate the pedagogical requirements.
The Great educator A. S. Makarenko formulated the basic law by which to live community of students. Its main principle is movement. It is a form of collective life. Stop always means his death.
The Main principles of the collective, in the opinion of the great teacher, are dependence and openness, as well as the prospect. An important role is played by the parallel action of all its members.
Makarenko identified stages of development of the team. They consist of four stages, the first of which is the formation. It occurs during the formation of the class, circle or group in the collective or socio-psychological community, where students determined their goals, objectives, and nature of joint activities. The main organizer is the teacher pushing kids to certain requirements.
In the second stage of the team development, the influence of the asset. These are students who not only fulfill the requirements of the teacher, but also present them to other classmates. At this stage, the development team performs as a whole system, which is already developed and start working the mechanisms of self-regulation and self-organization. This community is a tool for purposeful parenting positive human qualities.
At the third stage of the team development according to Makarenko is flourishing. The community comes to such a stage of development, when requirements of its members to themselves become higher than their surroundings. All this testifies to the high level of education, and the stability of the judgments and views of students.
While in this group, the person has all the prerequisites in the formation of its morals and integrity. The main feature of such a community at this step of development consists of a common experience and a common understanding of certain events.
The Fourth stage of group development is a movement. At this stage, students, based on acquired collective experience, to impose certain requirements. The main need of children is the observance of moral norms. At this stage of the parenting process smoothly into self-education.
All the stages of the team development according to Makarenko do not have clear boundaries. Each subsequent stage is added toprevious and not replaced it.
Describing his theory of stages of development of the team, a great teacher paid great attention to established members traditions. This is a sustainable form of life of the community, help develop a line of conduct, as well as decorating and educational school life.
The allegations Makarenko, to rally and inspire the team able goal that can be close, medium and far. Support the first of these is personal interest. The average target is defined by difficulty and time, and far is the most socially significant. Such a system perspectives should permeate the whole team. Only in this case its development will proceed in a natural way.
Considering the stage of development of the child's educational team, Makarenko put forward the principle of parallel action. What does it mean? At one stage or another of development team each of its members is under the simultaneous influence of the teacher and their comrades. Sometimes the punishment of the guilty can be too harsh. That is why this principle Makarenko tips to use with caution.
According to the theory of a famous teacher, to a fully formed team, characterized by the following features:
- constant cheerfulness;
- friendly unity of all members;
- self-esteem;
- motivation to orderly action;
- a sense of security;
- emotional restraint.
Characteristics of the stages of the team development was seen in the writings of Sukhomlinsky. This teacher, working for many years as a teacher and school principal, based on your own experience, formulated a set of principles, through which is formed a highly organized group of students. Among them:
- the unity of the students;
- initiative.
- Amateur;
- the richness of the relationships between students and the teacher;
- harmony of interests;
- leadership role of the teacher, etc.
Stages of development of the team consider in his writings, A. T. Kurakin, L. I., Novikov, etc. And to this question they have a completely different approach. These authors believe that at this stage of development student community to unite children can not only requirements. Help and other tools.
In recent years, there is a distinct tendency to realize under team a group whose members have a high level of development. However, such commonality should be different integrative activities, cohesion and unified direction. The most significant group, according to modern authors is the level of socio-psychological maturity. It is this feature is the main prerequisite for creating a group group. What are the main stages of its formation?
In the first stage of group development-team raises the conglomerate. This community consists of previously unfamiliar with each other children, who gathered at one time on the same space. The relationship of the children at this stage generally situational and superficial. If such a group to assign a name, then it will be a nominalization. In that case, if the members of such team will not accept their conditions and objectives, the transition from conglomerate doesn't happen. Such cases are not uncommon in school practice.
If the initial merger happened, the team has taken on the status of the primary. The group goes to the Association, where the goal for each member is projected a job. At this level, laid the first brick in the formation of the team. In joint activity the group goes to a higher level of organization, changing interpersonal relationships.
Under favorable conditions there is a change in the stage of development of the child's team. The next stage is formed of group-cooperation. Such a community you'll be successful and a functioning organization structure. Also in this case, there is a high level of group cooperation and fitness. All relations between members of cooperatives are business in nature and is aimed at achieving this goal.
According to the author, there are the following stages of development student team:
1. The first stage of the nominal group. This community exists formally has joint activity and time. If this occurs at school, such a team is called a disjointed class.
2. The second stage is group Association. It occurs when the presence of the same goals of all of its members.
3. In the third stage of the team development Lutoshkina occurs in group-cooperation. It is characterized by unity of purpose, high cohesion and a unified approach to solving problems.
4. The fourth stage-the establishment of a group-autonomy. This community is distinguished by internal unity that developed self-control and a high readiness to solve the problem.
5. The fifth stage is characterized by the formation of the group-the collective. This is the highest stage of development of community whose members are United by a single goal, and activity on the way to achieve it. In addition, in this group it is possible to observe the moral and psychological unity, a high organizational readiness and a perfectstructure.
Consider the characteristics of all described by A. N. By lutoshkina stages.
At this stage of development of the educational team, it can be called “sand in bulk”. The comparison is not accidental. At first glance, the sand grains together. However, each of them is by itself. Every breath of wind could blow the sand in different directions. So they will remain until there is someone who will rake them into a pile. The same phenomenon happens in human community, when some groups are specially organized or occur by the will of God. On the one hand all together. But on the other – each member of such group is by itself. Such “the sand scattering" do not bring satisfaction and joy.
This stage of the team development is called “Soft clay". This name is given to this stage is not accidental. Soft clay is the material, easily measurable impact. Taking it in hand, you can sculpt anything. A good craftsman can make a beautiful clay vessel or any other great product. But without effort the material will always be just a bit of soil.
As in the children's Association. Here the role of the wizard can play a formal leader, the class teacher or simply a reputable school. Yes, not everything goes smoothly. The team lacks the experience of mutual support and interaction. However, at this stage already visible efforts on the cohesion of the community.
This stage of the team development is called “a shimmering beacon”. At this stage the team is compared to a stormy sea. Amidst the surging waves experienced sailor, flickering fire beacon allows you to choose the correct path and brings confidence. Here only need to be careful not to lose the saving beam of sight.
The Team formed a group also gives each of its member signals choosing the right path and always ready to lend a helping hand. In such a community there is a desire to work hard and help each other. The role the lighthouse plays it asset.
The Next stage of the team development is called "scarlet sails". This stage aspiration forward, friendship, loyalty and Challenger. In this collective act and live according to the principle of the Musketeers “one for all and all for one”. At this stage of development of collective interest and fellowship go hand in hand with mutual demands and principles. The asset of such a group – a reliable and knowledgeable organizers as well as loyal comrades. They will always help, as the deed and the Council.
So, all the major stages of development of the team passed, and he rises to the fifth degree, called “torch”. No wonder this stage is associated with a living flame. It means United will, close friendship, business cooperation and great understanding. At this stage, formed a real team that never closes in the narrow limits of their cohesive and friendly Association. The members of his people will not remain indifferent to the problems of other groups, lighting up their path as the legendary Danko, with his blazing heart.
Article in other languages:
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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/27606-etapy-stady-razv-ccya-kalektyvu-metodyka.html
HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/15715-phases-and-stages-of-staff-development-methods.html
JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/15261-phases-and-stages-of-staff-development-methods.html
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/27909-keze-der-men-damu-keze-der-zhym-d-steme.html
PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/28983-etapy-i-fazy-rozwoju-zespo-u-metoda.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/27139-a-amalar-ve-geli-im-a-amas-nda-ekip-teknik.html
UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/28163-etapi-stad-rozvitku-kolektivu-metodika.html
ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/11474-phases-and-stages-of-staff-development-methods.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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