Acclimatization man in the highlands. How to facilitate the acclimatization in the highlands

Mountains – boundless space, freedom and relaxation for the weary soul. “In the mountains of my heart…” – wrote the poet Robert burns. Is it really possible to stay indifferent to these curves of the terrain, once conquered their tops? Meanwhile, all is not perfect among the climbers as it looks in the pictures. Very important to the acclimatization of man in the highlands. Already at the height of about thousand meters unprepared, the body begins to Express his confusion.

Why is there sickness?

We All know from school that with increasing height the air pressure decreases, which can not affect the human body. Lack of information can hinder you to enjoy high-mountain travel fully. So, if you set out to conquer the peaks, let this article be the starting point of your knowledge: it's about acclimatization in the highlands.

Mountain climate

With what to begin the acclimatization of man in the highlands? First a few words about what kind of climate awaits you on top. As already mentioned, the atmospheric pressure there is low, and every 400 metres of ascent it is reduced by about 30 mm Hg. the article, accompanied by a decrease in oxygen concentration. The air is clean and humid, rainfall increases with height. After 2-3 thousand meters, the climate is called Alpine, and here already it is necessary to follow certain conditions in order to adapt smoothly and to continue climbing.

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What is acclimatization, what are its features in a mountain area?

Simply put, acclimatization in the highlands – the adaptation of the organism to changing environmental conditions. The decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the air leads to the development of hypoxia – oxygen starvation. If you do not take action, then a normal headache can develop into a more unpleasant phenomena.

Our body – is a truly amazing system. It is difficult to imagine a clearer and more coherent mechanism. Feeling any changes, he tries to adapt to them, accumulating all of their resources. He gives us signals if something is not in order, so we can help him to cope with the threat. But often we don't hear it, simply ignore the discomfort, considering it an ordinary manifestation of weakness – and at times later it's costing us dearly. Therefore, it is important to learn to concentrate on the sensations.

Phases of acclimatization

Thus, the acclimatization of man in the mountainous area occurs in two phases. First – short-term: feeling the lack of oxygen, we begin to breathe deeper, then more often. The number of transporters of oxygen, erythrocytes, blood, increases, as well as the content of the complex protein hemoglobin. The threshold here of the individual – it varies depending on a number of factors: age, physical fitness, health and others.

To Maintain the stability of the Central nervous system – a priority, so the lion share of oxygen, which we managed to extract from the air is sent to the brain. As a result, other organs receive less. Overcoming the milestone of 2000 m, the majority of people feel hypoxia is quite evident – this is the bell that calls you to listen to yourself and act wisely.

Human Acclimatization in the highlands on the second phase occurs at a deeper level. The main task of the body is not transporting oxygen, and its economy. The area of light expands, the network of capillaries expanding. Changes affect the composition of the blood – the fight comes, fetal hemoglobin is able to attach oxygen even at low pressure. Efficient use of oxygen also contributes to a change in the biochemistry of the cells of the myocardium.

Caution: altitude sickness!

At high altitudes (3,000 meters) of the latter-day mountaineers waiting for a bad monster, breaking psychometrika, causing the heart decompensation and subjected to bleeding mucous membranes, so the acclimatization in the mountain area – the process serious. Sounds ominous, doesn't it? Maybe you even thought that not much-and wanted the mountains to go once this danger. Do not jump to conclusions, it is better to make reasonable! And it is this: no need to hurry.

More need to know basic nuances of this disease. Climbing the mountain by car, to avoid this disease will fail – it would only appear late after 2-3 days. In principle, the mountain sickness is inevitable, but you can relive it in the form of light.

Here are the main symptoms are:

• Headache, weakness.
• Insomnia.
• Shortness of breath, rapid pulse.
• Nausea and vomiting.

What do you feel will emerge from you, depends on your level of training, overall health and speed recovery. Mild forms of altitude sickness necessary for the body to start the process of its restructuring.

Acklimatiseras wisely: recommendations for fast and successful adaptation

Asto facilitate the acclimatization in mountainous terrain? To begin to facilitate acclimatization it is not at the height of 1-2 thousand meters, and not even at the foot of the mountains – training wise to begin a month before the intended date of travel.

Everyone has long known that a good level of General physical preparation makes life easy in many areas. Before climbing the main effort should be put into endurance training: train with low intensity, but long-term. The most common form of this kind of load – run. Make long crosses (forty minutes), follow your heart and be attentive to his heart – without fanaticism!

If you are active in sports, it is desirable to reduce the intensity level and focus on the power modes and sleep. Vitamins and minerals will play in your favor. In addition, it is recommended to minimize the intake of alcohol, and ideally – not to exclude it.

Day X…

To be more specific, days – there will be a few. The first time will be tough – the immune system is weakened, you are prone to various negative influences. To successfully passed acclimatization in mountainous terrain and hot climates, you need to call for help of all available means of protection, and then the journey will succeed.

In the highlands there are sharp changes in temperature, so special attention should be paid to clothing. It should be first and foremost practical and uncomplicated to use, so you can remove the excess or, conversely, to wear.

Food

Features of acclimatization in different natural zones have a similar criterion on which you should pay attention – food. As for eating at altitude – keep in mind that appetite is often reduced, so the products it is better to choose easily digestible, and to eat as much as you need to satisfy your hunger. It is also recommended to continue taking vitamin and mineral complex.

What is useful to drink?

Intense exercise and dry mountain air contribute to the rapid dehydration – drink plenty of water. As for coffee and tea – their use for the period of travel will have to be suspended. Memory guides there were cases when after trying to cheer flavored coffee (or energy) of a person we had to pull down because of a sharp deterioration of health. Professional climbers use special drinks to facilitate adaptation. For example, it is useful to make mixture of sugar syrup, citric and ascorbic acid. By the way, the inhabitants of Alpine areas eat sour fruits.

Sleep and dvigatelya activity

Move evenly. Many tourists make a serious mistake in the beginning, moving jerkily. Yes, the first day it is difficult to restrain themselves – from the outside magnificence inside literally raging emotions: the feeling, as if invisible wings are carrying you forward. It seems that force is infinite, but it will later have to pay dearly.

At the end of the day it comes time to break camp and to rest. By the way, sleep at altitude is very useful for getting passed the human acclimatization to cold and high mountains. However, if something in your health you are not satisfied – not in a hurry to go. In case of headache, do not neglect analgesic, and insomnia – a soporific drug. You cannot tolerate these effects, they destabilisateur your body and prevent adaptation. In addition, sleep should be sturdy and really revitalizing. Before you hang up, measure the pulse, do the same immediately after you Wake up: ideally in the morning, the indicators need to be lower than in the evening – this is a positive sign of a well-rested body.

Actually, this is the basic amount of theoretical knowledge, which, in addition to a backpack with provisions and a tent, must arm themselves with every newly-born climber. If the acclimatization of the human body is successful, then any trip will bring unforgettable impressions and bright emotions.