The Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy (1687) was the first higher educational institution in Russia. It was established in Moscow and existed until 1814, we next Consider what was the Greek-Slavic-Latin Academy.
As the initiators, was a poet, teacher and enlightener Simeon Polotsky and Sylvester Medvedev-his student. 2 years before the death of the first wrote "Academic privilege" – the Foundation Charter. It was put forward, in fact, the idea of the establishment of the University was defined the training content and future rights institutions. The opening of the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy, according to Polotsky, to prepare educated persons for Church and public service.
At the Academy, as he thought of Polotsk, was taught Polish, Latin, Greek and Slavic languages, the "seven liberal arts" (poetry with rhetoric, grammar, astronomy, music, geometry, dialectics, philosophy) and theology. Students and teachers could be judged exclusively by the rector - "Supreme overseer", and also the Patriarch, but not in the traditional courts. Thus, there formed a kind of University autonomy. Education was supposed to free. At the same time students should have been awarded a scholarship, and for older teachers – retirement.
Polotsk explained what the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. He pointed out that the institution would have to release the faithful priests, to teach students to preserve the purity of religious ideas. The functions of the Academy among other things Polotsk was included censorship, the right to judge apostates. The tasks of schools was to include monitoring the activities of other educational institutions, and home teachers. The focus of the Academy was supposed to be given to the Greek language in which were written most of the liturgical books.
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The Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy was created on the basis of the Epiphany and Printing schools. The first teachers were the brothers Sophronius and Joachim Lihoudi. A recommendation letter of the Eastern patriarchs, they specially arrived in Moscow. The brothers had encyclopedic knowledge, was doctors Kotoyoshi Academy. Sofroniy and Joachim used his power to create the higher spiritual educational institution in Russia. It should be noted that only 2 years later after the death of Polotsk his "Privilege" (the founding document of the Academy) was adopted right then Fedor Alekseevich. After three years the school has received a blessing from his Holiness.
They began in 1685 the First time they were held in the Epiphany convent. Brothers Lihudy taught at first only the Greek language. Subsequently, they expanded the educational program and introduced her rhetoric. At the end of 1866, was begun the construction of a separate building in the monastery all-merciful Saviour, which is known as the Zaikonospassky (by location – near Iconium). Brothers Laudy moved to a new facility in the year 1687. The Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy was the first time United the three classes: upper, middle and lower. First, they studied 104 people. A year later students was 163, and in 1689-m – 182.
The Course started with kindergarten. It was called the Russian school. At the end of the students translated. In the following class – School book Greek Scriptures – they studied Latin, Slavic and Greek letter. After that students began the study of other subjects. Last year taught theology, dialectic, rhetoric, physics. Brothers Lihudy independently wrote all the textbooks. For the sample they took educational books of European universities. The textbooks were included the works of Democritus, Aristotle, Campanella. There was examples of theological texts and literary works.
The Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy took the offspring of different families. So, the son of bondage, the merchant, the groom could be a neighbor child of the Church servant of high rank, or even a noble Duke. This school was radically different from the other, taking students on a class basis. In addition to Russian established in the year 1687 the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy taught Belarusians, Ukrainians, immigrants from the Commonwealth, Moldovans, Lithuanians, baptized Tatars, Georgians. In the list of students was even a Macedonian. Older students taught the younger, thus assisting the main teachers. Despite the fact that when taking the class principle was not observed, scholarship students receive a variety.
The Beginning of the century were marked by the state reforms of Peter. Touched upon the reforms and the educational system. In the life of the Academy began a new phase. The number of students increased to 600 people, has added faculty, expanded the library. In 1701, the institution was given the status of state Academy. Peter began to invite teachers from Lviv and Kyiv, as they had view of the system of Western education. As a primary language began to speak Latin. The duration of training was set at 12-15 years. The nature of the educational process and began to approach the Western European system. The Academy produced not only theologians, but physicians, translators, civil servants.
Many students have not studied up to the higher class, and after the first year of study went into medical, engineering, and mathematics school, because I knew Latin. Children from poor families began to send abroad. There they were taught Persian, Turkish, Arabic languages, as well as the "literary Sciences", which were studied at that time in France. About the Academy began to speak in Europe. With the permission of the Synod, adopted in 1721, in the establishment began to accept foreigners. They were equated to the Russian students.
In 1708 and 1710 he was issued 2 of the decree. Documents prescribed for the children of clergymen to study in the "Latin and Greek schools," and only after they could count on the spiritual office. However, young people showed no enthusiasm in education. In this regard, in 1721 the Synod began to demand from the priests of the receipts that their children will graduate from school.
The Academy was not popular among the nobles, as it was quite a lot of students from poor families. In 1729, half of the students were children of soldiers. Many students who come from the ordinary people had to earn money to feed themselves. The same fate befell the great and M. V. Lomonosov. For five years he lived almost from hand to mouth, but not abandoned. After graduation, the children of peasants were returning to their landlords. With 1277 commoners stopped to take in the Academy.
Operating since the year 1687 the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy had the most extensive collection of books in Russia. In conducting educational institutions wholly and in perpetuity was transferred to the state library. The Academy was established one of the first theaters of Russia. The basis of it was based on a school club in which Simeon of Polotsk set of works "On navuhodonosore", "the prodigal son".
The First official performance of the theater Academy took place in 1701, in November. The troupe staged the drama in the gospel parable about Lazarus and a rich man. This year performances are traditional in the life of a secular society. In 1705, Feofan Prokopovich put a tragicomedy "Vladimir". Two years earlier hosted the show, which is considered one of the brightest in the history of the theatre Academy. The production was a triumphant event and was dedicated to the capture of Noteburg Peter. In the play, the war was portrayed as a struggle "of the Russian Mars" with the evil forces. The latter was embodied in the images of "moon Tavricheskoy" and "Swedish lion". The statement ended with the triumphal entry "of the Russian Mars".
Buildings, where there was established in the year 1687 the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy, received the status of a monument of architecture of Federal significance. In the process of restructuring of the ground transition of the building received some damage. In 2009, the heritage Committee advocated the transfer of all Academy buildings under monastic function that existed previously. This was stated by the Chairman of the authority – Valery Shevchuk.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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