The cruiser "Russia": history and photos

This article will talk about the cruiser «Russia». Consider the story of its creation, design, high-profile incidents – everything you wanted to know about this legendary warship.

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To begin, it is worth noting that «Russia» – this armored cruiser of the Imperial and Soviet Navy. It was built at the shipyard Baltic shipyard engineering project N. E. Titov. Construction was started in the fall of 1893. Two years later, namely in the spring of 1895, the cruiser «Russia» for the first time launched. In September 1897 he was commissioned. In 1921, removed from the fleet, and a year later was given for dismantling.

Length was 144,2 m, width – 2.9 m, height – 8 m. as the engine was made by three steam engines and two water-tube boiler. Speed accounted for 36.6 km/h the Cruiser was equipped with torpedo armament.

Design

Armored cruiser «Russia» is a continuation of the development of ideas begun in the famous project “proves”. However, in the first case, special attention was paid to the autonomy of the navigation and its range, to reach which we had to reduce the speed, armament, booking. The main differences between “Russian” from “Rurik” lies in the fact that this ship was equipped with two armor belts. Also, the engineers have given up the heavy mast. In the dungeons had housed a piece of artillery, and gun-decks mounted protective traverse.

The Main difference between “Russian” from similar inventions in other countries – is the height and length. At the time the ship was the incredible volume of displacement. The second famous name of the cruiser «Russia» – “Rurik No. 2”. So it was called N. Chikhachev, who worked as a Manager of the Naval Ministry.

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So, the design of this cruiser started even before the water was lowered “proves”. New voenizirovannaya the ship was planning to leave the same size, but increase the weapons and book. Admiral N. Chikhachev proposed to replace six 120-mm guns, four 152-mm guns. Acceptable angles of the bow guns were secured by moving the conning tower. With the battery-deck was moved aft 152 mm gun. Now she was on the deck of Utah. However, running cannon's engineers decided not to transfer from the forecastle, and did so only in 1904. It was also supposed to install the newest cartridge 75-mm guns, but the difficulty was different artillery. Thus was established the separation paperbark between different guns in the casemates. The thickness of the armor increased from 37 mm to 305 mm in combat tube. Unprotected parts of the Elevator silos were covered with 76-mm armor, although “Rurik” they were completely exposed.

Construction

Armored cruiser «Russia» was built a very long time. This was due to the different design constraints that arise from creating indoor stone boathouse. Also, it was necessary to completely rebuild a shipbuilding workshop. However, in the spring of 1895 for the construction of the hull took more than 1400 tons of metal, 31 tons of the bronze bow. In August was established propeller shaft brackets. Then wood and copper began to sheathe a ship's hull. In October arrived from France Belleville water-tube boilers. By this time the plant has completed Assembly of the main machines.

The Plant was planned in 1896 to represent the cruiser sea trials to 12 months, he was ready. However, the known Mr. N. Chikhachev required final delivery of the ship in the autumn of 1896. He was aware that the 152-mm gun Obukhov factory planned to deliver until the spring of 1898. But despite this, the manufacturing process of various guns and weapons the mine accelerated. Some part of the armor plates was imported from the United States. They were delivered from the factory Andrew Carnegie. The urgency of the order Americans had to pay a considerable amount.

Thanks to the speeding up of the work, the launching was made in the spring of 1896. However, since then, began active work on the installation of armor plates, which lasted until the end of summer. Workers do not have time to complete the project and the probability that an unfinished ship would have remained for the winter was quite high. To avoid this from happening, took the decision to conduct the latest phase of work in the port of Libau, which also had to finish urgently. The end of the construction of the ship watched Junior assistant shipbuilder A. Moses.

Incident

By the beginning of October 1896, on the cruiser «Russia» successfully held a number of mooring trials. For the first time on 5 October on the deck of the St. rose pennant, flag, anthem. In the report of the commander noted that the ship was up to 600 soldiers, 70 non-commissioned officers and 20 officers.

At the first exit on the Kronstadt RAID was a very strong wind. When the cruiser snuggled up to a Parking lot on a Big RAID, the nose snapped to the side with one strong gust. In any way affect weather conditions it was impossible, therefore, to a shallow pinned the entire Board, which led to the flooding of certain compartments. Meanwhile, it helped to softena shot.

To Remove the ship afloat commanders decided using battleships “Sisoy Great” and an armored vessel of the coast guard “Admiral Ushakov”, however, all these attempts were doomed to failure, as the water level dropped heavily and densely populated of the cruiser at the bottom.

Solution

October 27, in the morning, at the scene of the accident arrived Admiral P. Tyrtov – the Manager of the Naval Ministry. He agreed to the deepening of the soil under the left side, as this would help to push the ship in a specially dug channel. At the same time, Helsingfors, Libau and St Petersburg began to actively prepare dredger and dredging equipment. At the end of October, when the water level rose again, implemented another attempt to steal the ship afloat with the tugboat. But this time the efforts were not crowned with success.

The next day the ship was hoisted the flag of rear Admiral V. Messer, who took full responsibility for the management of rescue operations. After 10 days have left the Board already housed a large trench, a depth of 9 m. simultaneously conducted the same exercise on the right side. During each of the next rise of water, the cruiser was trying to pull off the rocks with armadillos «Admiral Senyavin” and “Admiral Ushakov”. To no avail.

Despite the fact that winter was coming, the command decided to force the dredging of the bottom, instead of readying the ship to the harsh winter. Work continued even after the entire Baltic sea was covered by ice. Construction crews cut through the moves for excavators. Finally was a wooden hand-spikes. On the night of 15 December started the rise of the water, so I was a new attempt. That night the cruiser gained almost 25 m. in the Morning the ship continued to push forward, slowly turning the channel to the fairway. After noon, it became apparent that the cruiser is clean water. A few hours later the command was ordered to drop anchor opposite the dock Nikolaev in the Middle of the Harbor.

History

Originally, the ship was transported from the Baltic sea to the far East. There, under the command of A. Andreeva, the cruiser became the flagship of the Vladivostok squadron. In the period 1904-1905 managed to sink about ten Japanese ships and two submarines, as well as English and German steamers.

In 1904, August 1, there was a fight with a squadron of Japanese cruisers near the lake of Ulsan in the Korean Strait. As a result, the ship was badly damaged. 48 people died and over 150 were wounded. During repairs to the upper deck installed 152-mm guns instead of 75-mm. this also moved the running instrument.

In the winter of 1904-1905 battle ship used as a floating Fort to attack the Amur Bay. While military staff considered the probability of an attack Vladivostok on the ice. To do this, the cruiser left versati.

From 1906 to 1909, underwent extensive renovations at the Baltic shipyard in Kronstadt workshops. Then managed to bring into operation a number of mechanisms, building, boilers. The machine of economic progress were removed, the mast is facilitated.

In 1909 the ship was enlisted in the detachment of the first reserve. Two years later, he became part of the brigade of cruisers in the Baltic sea. From 1912 to 1913 was in the Atlantic campaign with students from the schools non-commissioned officers. The following year was also in the Atlantic. In 1914, the ship was the flagship of the cruisers of the Baltic sea. In the autumn of the same year took part in the attack on the communication nodes of the enemy.

The Winter of 1915, the cruiser took part in the laying of mine barriers, the number of reconnaissance and raiding operations of the Detachment of light forces of the fleet. From 1915 to 1916 was re. In the autumn of 1917 the ship was already in the Baltic fleet. In the winter of that year he moved to Kronstadt.

In may 1918, was mothballed in a military port. Next year, some portion of the 152-mm guns were handed over to the military forces of Riga. In the summer of 1920 the ship was sold to the Soviet-German JSC «Durometer” to be scrapped. In the autumn of the same year, the ship was handed over for dismantling “Remetalling”.

It is Worth noting that at the end of 1922, while being towed to Germany, the ship was caught in a violent storm, which had been thrown near Tallinn. The rescue mission of the Naval forces took the cruiser and sent it to Kiel for disassembly.

Cruiser «Varyag»

In Russia, this has been known since Soviet times, the ship is now the flagship of the Pacific fleet. Was built in the Ukrainian city of Nikolaev in the late 1970s. Launched in 1983, commissioned in 1989. is currently in the Navy.

In the 1990s were engaged in the task inter-fleet transfer. Later was part of the Pacific fleet. The current name of “Varyag” was only in 1996, and before that was known as the “red Ukraine». In 1994, 2004 and 2009 went to the port of Incheon in the Republic of Korea. In 2002, visited a Japanese military base in Yokosuka.

In the Fall of 2008 was in the Korean port of Busan on an unofficial visit. In the spring of 2009 called for the port of Qingdao (China). Then the cruiser went to the American port of San Francisco. In 2011 the ship took part in Russian-Chinese exercises.

A year Later participated in the same exercises in the Yellow sea. In 2013, the cruiser was for scheduled maintenance.The Russia-China exercises in the sea of Japan, participated in the audit of Eastern and Central fleet. In the spring of 2015 has been completed the dock repair. In the same year, the ship was awarded the order of Nakhimov. In the winter of 2016 entered the Mediterranean sea, where he performed a special military task.

Today, the ship involved in the exercise of artillery and rocket fire. Since the spring of this year, cruised in the waters of the World ocean. In June, the cruiser returned to Vladivostok.

Modern cruisers of Russia

Naval fleet of the country has more than 200 ships ships and 70 submarines, including about 20 – atomic. We consider the most powerful cruisers of the Russian Navy.

The ship ‘Peter the Great”. A huge nuclear-powered cruiser of Russian, which is recognized as the biggest shock ship in the world. This is the only ship of the Soviet project «Orlan», which is still afloat. Despite the fact that it was built in 1989, on the water it lowered just after 9 long years. Nuclear cruisers of Russia is presented by three other ships, such as “Admiral Lazarev”, “Admiral Ushakov” and “Admiral Nakhimov”.

The Next heavy cruiser Russia – «Admiral Kuznetsov". Was built at the black sea plant. Launched in 1985. Known under different names («Leonid Brezhnev”, “Riga", "Tbilisi”). After the collapse of the USSR is part of the Northern fleet of the Russian Navy. Combat service took place in the Mediterranean, but also participated in the rescue operation of the submarine «Kursk».

Military Russian cruiser «Moscow” is a powerful rocket ship multi-purpose orientation. Originally bore the name of “Glory”. The operation was introduced in 1983. Is the flagship of the black sea fleet. Participated in the military operation in Georgia. In 2014, he participated in the blockade of the Ukrainian Navy.

‘Peter the Great”

Here we are talking about the biggest Russian cruiser. It is important to note that the main purpose of the ship is to destroy the carrier battle groups of the enemy. When the tab was called «Vladivostok», and after – “Yuri Andropov’. At length the cruiser reached 250 m, width-25 m in height – 59 m. Due to the nuclear installation, the ship can reach the speed of 60 km/h. Originally designed to operate for 50 years. The crew consists of 1035 people who are 1,600 spaces. There are 15 showers, 2 baths, a pool and a sauna.

As for the weapons, the cruiser is able to hit big surface targets, but to protect the area from air and submarine attacks.

New models

New cruisers for the Russian Navy are also being set up. As for immediate plans, in 2017, work will continue shipbuilding. By 2020 it is planned to 8 submarines for Russia of the project «Northwind», 54 ships of the ship and more than 15 submarines.

In 2014, was laid raider “Vasily Bykov”. Until 2019, the plan is to develop 12 more models from the same series. They are designed for environmental monitoring, intercepting pirates and smugglers.

Photo cruisers of Russia, which you can see in the article is Testament to the strength and power of the Navy of the country. Each year, work is underway and to build new plans. Russian shipbuilding is developing rapidly and absorb new technical advances. The article also includes the model of the cruiser «Russia» – one of the first armored ships of the Navy, demonstriruyuschie the greatness and power of the spirit Imperial power.

Summing up, it should be noted that the Russian Navy – the power and strength of our state. Old ships and cruisers are on alert thanks to modern technology. Simultaneously, every year creates advanced destroyers and submarines. The best professionals, advanced equipment and the efficient work – the guarantor of the Russian Navy. Today our fleet is the best equipment and level of combat readiness in the world. Citizens of Russia can be proud of.

The Article was written for informational purposes for those who wanted to learn more not only about military power of our state, but also the history of the creation of the legendary ships and cruisers – «Russia», «Varyag”, “Peter the Great”.