The Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation: the order of formation, composition, powers

In Almost all countries where there is a Parliament, it is divided into two chambers. This configuration – a convenient way to create a system of checks and balances. If one chamber is inclined to radicalism, the other is supposed to block decisions or to change laws, making them more acceptable and effective. This device originated in the West and was adopted in Russia. The Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation – the upper house of Parliament (the lower is the State Duma).

Seat

The Upper house appeared in the Russian Parliament in 1990. However, the prototype of the Federation Council had little in common with him and was a product of the Soviet state. That all changed in 1993, when the country launched a new Constitution. According to it, and established the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The structure of the Parliament is enshrined in article 95 of the basic law of the Russian Federation.

Between the two chambers of the Federal Assembly are fundamental differences in their order of formation and competence. The Council was endowed with considerable powers, which secured him the status of the fundamental bases of the state. In recent times, this organ is often referred to by Senate and its members-senators. This trend is traced in informal essays and speeches by government officials and important officials of the country.

Powers

The Broad powers of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation is fully described in the Russian Constitution. Upper house can reject or approve any law before that passed in the State Duma.

These documents are divided into several types. Primarily it's a Federal law. The powers of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation are such that they deviate the usual mathematical majority or passive failure to consider within 14 days. At the same time, the status of some of the laws a priori to make them mandatory for getting to the senators. In this case, the mechanism ignores document not applicable.

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Legislation

Mandatory for consideration in the Federation Council, laws affecting the Federal budget, Federal taxes, fees and charges, financial, credit, currency and customs regulation. Also this group includes the issues of war and peace, protection and status of the state border, denunciation and ratification of international treaties and, finally, the issue of money.

If the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation approves the law, the paper goes to the President for signature. 112 votes (two-thirds of the senators) to overcome the veto of the President, and 126 votes (three-quarters of senators) approve laws on the constitutional amendments and Federal constitutional laws.

Purpose

Two-thirds of the Federation Council can remove the President from his office. The senators appoint judges of the Supreme Court, constitutional court, Supreme arbitration court and members of the Presidium of the Supreme Court. In addition, the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation decides who will occupy the post of the Prosecutor General and his deputies. The upper house of Parliament appoints two representatives to the national banking Council. It defines the auditors of the accounts chamber and Deputy Chairman.

The Bodies of the Council of Federation of the Russian Federation appoint one third of the members of the CEC-Central election Commission governing the electoral process in the country. They also define who will be one of the members of the Board of the Federal Commission that monitors the securities market. The senators enter the Council on state service under the Russian President.

Other options

There are powers and not associated with appointments, which has the Federation Council. The Constitution States that he approves of the new boundaries between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the decree of the President about introduction in the country of state of emergency or martial law. The upper chamber determines the date of presidential elections.

The Federation Council (the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation and the senators) have the right to work in the mode of private meetings. They are held 1-2 times per month in the period from October to July. Meetings can be extraordinary, if they receive the proposal of the President, Prime Minister, government, one-fifth of the members of the Federation Council, or Russia. For a quorum the presence of half the members of the upper house of Parliament. If 50% is not reached, the meeting recognized the unqualified. As a rule, the Federation Council works in open mode, but if it involves regulation mode can be closed.

The Priority of the job

The task of the Senate is a definite priority. The first is the presidential address to the Federal Assembly and its treatment. Next come amendments to the Constitution, the draft of the constitutional and Federal laws. Some of them may have the status of a mandatory consideration. Third in this order, are submitting requests and proposals to the constitutional court. The latter addresses the State Duma of the Federal laws relating todenunciation and ratification of international treaties.

A meeting of the Council of the Federation held in accordance with the regulations. The senators have the opportunity to make a supplementary report, report and final word. They are also entitled to participate in debate, to make statements and appeals.

Formation

As stated the law on the Federation Council, it includes two representatives from each subject of the Russian Federation. One is the local Parliament, another – Executive power. The term of office of the Senator – two years. The composition of the Federation Council changes gradually along with the change of power in the regions.

According to the regulations, the members of the upper house of Parliament have immunity. They cannot be subject to criminal and administrative responsibility for expressing their positions and opinions at the ballot box. The Federation Council is structured and formed according to the principle of non-partisanship. Its members do not create associations or factions, as is customary in the State Duma.

The Term of office of the Council of the Federation in General is not limited. Unlike the State Duma of the composition of this body is subjected to a “soft rotation”. This means that the term of office of each of its members is determined by the regional authority. The Constitution provides for only three ways in which the State Duma and the Federation Council of Russia together. This hearing of the messages of the constitutional court, presidential addresses and speeches by foreign heads of state. In General, each chamber is committed to the principle of non-interference in the Affairs of another.

Structure

The Federation Council of 170 members. They are divided into committees (defence and security, judicial matters and constitutional law, tax policy, budget, financial regulation, etc.). One of the units responsible for social policy. Another regulates property relationship and economic reforms. Finally, there are committees for CIS Affairs and international Affairs. Some of the senators involved in the divisions of culture, science, education and agricultural policy.

Each Committee prepares opinions on matters that fall under its jurisdiction. He also develops and considers legislation proposed for introduction in the State Duma. Committees may initiate parliamentary hearings. In such units includes all members of the Federation Council, except the President and several of his deputies. Each Senator can belong to only one Committee, which shall be not less than 10 people. The distribution for “sector” must be approved by a General vote (requires majority vote).

Chairman

The Federation Council is headed by the Chairman. Since 2011 and to this day this position is held by Valentina Matvienko. The Chairman of the many organizational and Executive powers. He conducts the meeting, defines the internal rules of the chamber signs decisions, distributes functions among his deputies.

The Chairman shall transmit to the committees the bills passed by the state Duma, and also the bills that the state Duma proposes to introduce. He is elected by secret ballot. Nomination is approved by the half and have one vote.

Progress and relationship with the President

The State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, and other Federal government agencies should work in unison, so the Head always has a certain agenda. It is formed by the Chairman and based on the proposals of the committees and commissions of the upper house. Independently of the question on the agenda may nominate a group of senators from at least 10 people and two senators representing one subject of the Russian Federation. Your changes to the routine can make a special President's representative in the Federation Council.

The Head of state communicates with the upper chamber of Parliament and in other ways. Traditionally still important in the President's annual address to the Federal Assembly. In this first person formulates the basic problems and challenges which confronted the state and which need to be solved first. For example, it can be a challenge with the need of taxation reform or the banking system. In this case, and the state Duma and the Federation Council shall review the proposed initiatives of the President.

History of units

The First Council of the Federation worked in 1994-1996 He was transitional and, therefore, as an exception, was elected directly by the people, not the authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation. His representative was Vladimir Shumeyko.

The Second Council of Federation also is remembered as “the Governor-the speaker”. He sat in 1996-2001 It was the Chairman Yegor Stroyev. A distinctive feature of the Federation Council – it consisted of the governors and chairmen of local legislatures. Senators worked an irregular basis, from time to time at a meeting in Moscow.

The Third period of the formation of the Federation Council occurred in 2002-2012 it was then that he finally got rid of their transient features and took a stable form. Chairman of the Federation Council wasSergei Mironov, and with 2011 – Valentine Matvienko. The fourth upper house of Parliament was formed in late 2012. She operates today. Reformatting was due to the adoption of a new Federal law on the Federation Council.