Breed piglets of meat breeds: meat, tallow, meat (bacon). Features of cultivation

All breeds of pigs are divided into three main groups: greasy, meat-fat and meat. The cultivation of the latter two varieties costing a little more than the first. In any case, careful maintenance requires any breed pigs. Meat breeds with excellent productivity, bred in Russia, in the same way as meat-fat, there are several.

Main features

The greasy meat From the pig differ in that they have body fat distributed across the body evenly. Hence their other name — bacon. Pig breeds for meat production are:

• Elongated body, slightly stretched at the withers;
• Long limbs;
• Narrow pelvis, back and withers;
• Elongated rib and ham;
• Lightweight head.

Meat-fat breeds also have in our country very popular. To grow them a little lighter than bacon. At the same time from pigs like you can get not only quality meat, but fat is also a valuable product. In this group of animals have a middle name — a universal.

The separation of the breeds for meat and meat-fat to some extent arbitrary. The quality of the carcass of an animal grown mostly is dependent upon diet. Sometimes bacon pigs get a lot of fat. Conversely, from sebaceous — meat.

What breed of pigs bred in our country?

In Russia, as in many other countries, pig production is widespread and is one of the traditional agricultural activities. The most popular among farmers enjoyed a meat breed such as Landrace, Estonian maturing beef and bacon.

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Also, many farms have bred hybrids derived from Duroc pigs. Quite widespread in our country and the Urzhum breed pigs. Meat breeds are bred, of course, more. However, these 5 are the most popular. As for the meat-fat breeds, some of them often in Russia grow large white, North Siberian breytovo and varieties.

Pigs Duroc and their hybrids

The breed was registered in 1883 in the territory of the United States. Its main feature is the unusual red-brown color. The Duroc breed has:

• Deep and wide the trunk is of moderate length;
• Very strong high legs;
• Slightly curved profile of the head;
• The ears with drooping tips.

Duroc Sows in the Russian conditions are relatively prolific and can produce up to 7-9 piglets. Hybrids of this breed are usually by crossing with krasnopoyas pig. The greatest value has the young F2 of the second generation.

Swine breed Landrace: features

This variety was bred in Denmark in the last century approximately. Parent for her steel and large white lop-eared pigs. Distinctive features of the Landrace are white leather with soft bristles, well developed tight hams and spinal musculature, long, pendulous ears. Its popularity among farmers pigs Landrace deserved in the first place for the endurance, multiple pregnancy, good gain. They are easier to breed than many other varieties. The fact that the Landrace is very resistant to stressful situations.

Precocious white

These pigs were bred in Russia. The breed was registered in 1993. Its distinctive features are:

• Very wide torso;
• Large meaty ham;
• Slightly drooping ears.

Precocious this breed is the fact that to fatten these pigs up to slaughter weight faster than animals of other species. The advantages of these pigs is attributed including endurance. To breed early-maturing white can be in any regions of our country.

Estonian bacon

Animals of this breed was obtained by crossing Landrace, the long-eared European, Finnish, German and large white pigs. This view incorporates all the popular features of their fellows. Characteristic features of the Estonian bacon breed are sagging like a large white ears, pink skin, well developed hams and a little delicate bones.

Estonian bacon breed of swine is characterized by unpretentiousness in food, rapid weight gain (up to 330 kg), fecundity (up to 12 piglets) and endurance. Some disadvantage are considered to be the weakness of the attendants and sagging of the sacrum. In this breed there are several lines picker, sibera, pirate, etc. of the Estonian pig, among other things, is often used in hybridization in some areas of our country.

Urzhum pig

The breed was created in the Kirov region and registered in 1957, Its main features are the following:

• Massive, rough skeleton;
• Dry head with elongated snout;
• A deep, long torso;
• Narrow back;
• Eye-catching voluminous belly.

Popular this breed is primarily due to the precocity and very good quality meat. Urzhum pigs are allowed to keep and pasture technologies. The advantages of this breed, among other things, include a calm temperament, and care of sows in relation to the offspring. The average weightboars of this breed is 310 kg. Sow at a time can bring up to 12 young.

Large white pig

Representatives of this breed were imported to Russia in the 80-ies of the XIX century. However, a special distribution at the time they didn't. A second large white pig in our country began to breed in the 20 years of the last century. For several years it was the only Russian factory breed pigs. Meat breeds, bred in our country today, of course, much more. However, large white remains the most popular.

Its Distinctive characteristics are: white color, strong Constitution, easy head with a massive forehead, large ears, long back, well developed hams and low, correctly set legs. White breed of pig prized primarily for earliness. Live weight of adult boars can reach 350 kg., the Uterus at once brings 11-12 piglets.

Breytovo meat-fat breed

This variety was bred in the Yaroslavl region. As a parent breeders was selected Danish Landrace, large white and local breeds. The main distinguishing features of breytovo meat-fat of the pig are:

• White color;
• Large size;
• Head with a curved profile;
• Long drooping ears;
• Wide and deep chest;
• Muscular back.

The Main advantage of this pig is considered high fertility. One uterus can bear two litters per year piglets at 11-12.

Siberian North

They were bred in the Novosibirsk region. Parent for her were local, not too productive, but well adapted to the cold climate pigs, and boars of large white. The distinctive features of the Siberian North, the following: a harmoniously built body, strong Constitution, broad back, long croup, strong feet, well developed hams. Prized pigs of this breed primarily for fertility (12 pigs), calm disposition and rapid weight gain (up to 360 kg).

Features of the content of meat and meat-fat breeds

The Feeding of such animals is made of two main technologies: beef and bacon. Until the age of 2.5-3 months daily diet of pigs consists of the following products:

• Feed — 1.3 kg;
• Potatoes — 250 g;
• Skim milk — 1 kg;
• Beet — 250 g

Now, a grown young actually transferred on the meat or bacon is fattening. The slaughter is usually produced when the weight of a pig will reach 100-120 kg.

Features of fattening beef

This technology the content includes two main periods. At the preparatory stage, the basis of the diet when meat is fattening is green and succulent feed (30%). It can be the root crops, melons, greens beans, etc in the Winter can also be used for silage and grass meal. Proteins in each feed unit in this period should have about 115 g.

In the second phase of fattening the basis of the diet be concentrated feed (85-90%). Often used mixed grain (wheat, barley, corn, oats). In order to save can be added bran. Sometimes on the second stage, the pigs are fed potatoes. But in this case at least 50% of the diet should be concentrates. At the final stage of the “menu” pigs in mandatory to exclude any supplements and foods that can worsen the taste of meat (fish, bran, soy, millet).

Bacon feeding

This technology allows the content to delicious pork meat with thin fat layers. Piglets for fattening this is taken at the age of 2.5 months. While hogs are necessarily castrated. The daily diet of animals with this method looks as follows:

• Skim milk and concentrates (barley required) — 1.5 kg;
• Green food — 3 kg;
• Roots — 2 kg;
• A salt — 20 g.

In recent months, the pigs, as when meat is fattening, excluded from the diet of soy, bran, fish, etc.

Pig Fattening to fatty conditions

This technology is often used for growing meat-fat breeds. In this case, pigs were slaughtered once they reach a weight of approximately 200 kg For fattening to fatty conditions selected stokilogrammovye pigs. The basis of their diet in the next are foods that contain high amounts of carbohydrates. This can be beets, corn, potatoes, molasses, etc. are Also given concentrates. At the beginning of fattening as the latter typically use wheat and corn, in the end — millet and barley.

At the farm in the first place, of course, need to determine what in your case would be the best breed of pigs. Meat breeds, characterized by excellent yield, fecundity and stamina, there are many. Good care and proper feeding with proper choice of the youngsters will make the farm profitable.