The Development of attention in children of primary school age is necessary for the education of the baby and prepare it for the middle and senior classes.
In the last few years psychologists marked increase of inattention coupled with hyperactivity in children of primary school age. If a child can't bring myself to concentrate on something, then he misses a lot of the basic material of educational programs to learn which is necessary for further successful learning. In such cases, the development of attention in young schoolchildren. Exercises will help to achieve this significant success.
In every person from birth based on the principle of involuntary attention. Thus, among the small objects and the child and the adult will immediately find a large, among the green — red among the dark-light, etc. On this method, built marketing campaigns of many companies.
A small child (4-5 years old) the mechanism of involuntary attention is quite developed, so he can easily remember something bright, colorful. Therefore, the tasks for preschoolers to be built on the principle of “colourful — so considerably”.
With age, a person develops active attention, he learns to remember and find what they need, not what catches the eye. The task of parents - to develop in toddler this mechanism. Almost since the age of the child hears words like “watch”, “be attentive in class”, “listen carefully to the teacher and be good” etc.
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Let the kid have not quite understood the meaning of the word “care”, but the words of a parent it becomes clear that his task — to remember something or simply understand.
Scattered child sometimes not as much does not understand how much not want to understand, therefore, tasks for development of attention are designed to awaken the child's interest in what is happening around it. After all, if the little one will be fascinated, he wants to learn something, if he liked something, he wants to repeat it again and again (the same exercises and tests).
According to this principle the development of attention in younger schoolchildren, assignments also are based on a method from simple to complex so as not to frighten the child interest, but not give him relax.
Some children are sometimes very difficult to get to sit and something to do. It is obvious, because the child is of preschool or younger school age are quite active and eager to run and play.
Such problems of development of attention are not isolated, so psychologists and speech therapists will first try to interest the child because he is close: the bright pictures, toys (in the offices of pediatricians). When the interest of the crumbs will be “captured”, the adult will be able to teach him anything. For example, show a picture and tell how it painted a particular subject. “Clouds draw with the pencil in a circle. So», — shows an adult baby, and enthusiastic child immediately takes a pencil and starts creating. When working with a group of children to act on the principle of “who is better”. The child who first completes the task without errors, and encouraged.
Any kid should be kept in the memory of the user of certain actions, to form skills of any person. Therefore during operation it is normal if a child is aloud to say all their future movements.
Quite often there are dilemmas associated with the inability of a child to develop attention, causing the baby to suffer difficulties at school and in games with other children.
There are several levels of such problems:
As soon As the adults will be clearly identified problem, it becomes easier to figure out how to solve it. First you need to realize exactly what the child still can not do: concentrate or distribute it.
Speech pathologist to determine whether a child is able to concentrate on certain objects, give him a simple test. In other words, seek to check if the baby's skill of selective attention. The first job that is offered to children — to delete from the list of symbols defined. For example, the columns of circles, squares and triangles delete triangles. Often the job can help your child cope with the problem of raspadaemosti.
This training is recommended every day several times, but not to overwork the crumbs. Minimum threshold — five times a week. Hands-on activity the child is given a minute. When for a moment he will be able to cope with most of tasks, can complicate the latter in the following aspects:
The Development of voluntary attention side by side is a decrease in the number of mistakes when writing. Thus, sufficiently developed the child should easily cope with the school dictations on the Russian language. And the baby quickly become accustomed to letters and numbers, but not the icons as in the previous exercise, he offered to read the text obviously contains errors. The task of a young student - to correct these errors.
Text for example: “In the garden my grandmother grew a lot of cucumbers. Grandma well-watered them. Winter in NS is cherry jam. Mom bought us plenty of cherries. I work pretty hard at Krale, I have great athletci. My LRP plays football, and Maria reads kngu. In the winter we have outside the window bloomed Mimosa. A warm wind shakes the branches of mountain ash lets…”
A Grown man will instantly notice problems in these proposals, even just jump around, without delving into the essence. However, absent-minded child can easily most of these errors or just skip to invoke after checking that did not understand the words. Problem on note designed to teach the child to notice mistakes, not to read past the lines.
Regular passage of such tests and stimulates the development of attention. 6 years — it doesn't mean that you can continue to run around the yard all have to teach the child in a timely manner.
As a rule, initially children are given short texts that proposals increasing in volume and contain more grammatical and logical errors. The most simple logic error that you need to understand for children of 6-8 years old, is the bloom of something on the street in winter.
Validation is performed according to the following criteria:
Depending on the level of speech drawn up a work plan with the child.
Nowadays it is necessary to stimulate the development of attention in young schoolchildren. Exercises proposed in the 20th century by German psychologist Hugo Munsterberg, will help children not only become more careful, but also to memorize vocabulary words.
The Essence of the exercise is to cursive writing of words, perhaps mixed in with any letters. With words deliberately misspelled, which kid need to be corrected. For example: “ORTHORETROVIRINAE" (in this line are the words "Gara", "eblana" and "yupka"). A string can be done arbitrarily long, but five to seven words is enough, otherwise the child may get tired and start to act up.
The Second version of the same test for the formation of the development of attention is cohesive writing of a phrase without extraneous letters. As a rule, teachers and speech therapists are the Proverbs, sayings, ditties for the development of the horizons of children. For example: “kachusova" (like water off a duck) or “themanufactured" (still waters run deep), etc. by Presenting this test exercise as a game, it's easy to teach a child to the peculiarities of the Russian language, folk Proverbs and sayings, to expand his vocabulary.
A mathematical exercise, designed for children 1-and 2-classes. The purpose of the activity is that the teacher offers several numbers and various operations on them, children have to go through these steps in mind and remember the resulting number. Of course, the complexity of the task depends on training level and program material. But it is better to consider the examples:
Math games for development of memory and attention are not only helping distracted children, but interesting and exciting. With the help of these games even the most restless child can be forced to relax and sit in place.
And here is another example, called ‘digital table”. Adults prepared a square table scattered in different corners of the numbers from 1 to 20, for example. The task of the child is “collect” numbers in the table in order.
As soon As it finds the next number that shows a finger at him and calls.
1 | 5 | 10 | 3 |
13 | 15 | 17 | 8 |
19 | 7 | 20 | 12 |
4 | 11 | 2 | 16 |
9 | 18 | 14 | 6 |
Children of primary school age, as a rule, I like such lessons. On the basis of this game can come up with are somewhat arbitrary.
You Can take a larger table: from 1 to 30, from 1 to 100. It all depends on the age and patience of the child. Table with numbers from 1 to 100 it is better to give children from 8-9 years old. Usually 6-7 year old kids don't possess the perseverance for such values. But if the child is interested in a lesson, then why not?
The Method proposed by Landolt ring at the end of the 19th century, and was immediately recognized as stimulating the speed of writing and the development of attention. 7 years — the maximum age when this game can be used. The greatest distribution it received in kindergartens in the late 20th and early 21st century.
The point of the game is that the teacher is a table filled with two types of rings (circles). The first set of rings has a slit at the top, and the second, for example, on the left. The child is invited in for about 5 minutes to cross out different lines as much as possible the number of rings. The first horizontal line, the second — on the diagonal.
It is Possible to diversify the kinds of rings: cut left, bottom, bottom right (diagonal), etc. However, the development of the child, because he will need to remember what to cross out. During the training every minute the teacher says “feature”, and the child puts a horizontal dash in the spot where he caught these words. After 5 minutes the teacher says “stop”, the kid puts two horizontal stripes in the spot where he stopped his work.
The Level of attention of the child is calculated according to the following formula: S = 0,5 N-2,8 n : 60 where:
If the index S is more than 1.25, then the child has a high level of attention 1,00-1,25 — medium-high, 0,75-1,00-average 0,5-0,75 — low satisfactory. Less than 0.5 — very low.
This test for attention in the short term can establish the level of development of any child pre-school (for the most part) and younger school ages.
Children's game and school students and preschool age children. The teacher encourages the children a small box, lined by the cells (size of 5 X 5 cells). In one corner there is a “bug”, which you want this field to overcome.
The Adult tells the children the path of movement of a bug in the “card”, for example, one up, two right, four down, etc. Kids can't write, or mark, where is the bug, but after several steps, the teacher says “stop”. Bug “stops”, and the children or child has to say where he stayed. The field can look so like the picture below.
Similar tasks for development of attention will help any child to become less distracted and prepare for adult life. Besides exercise, you can an unlimited number of children. Most importantly — to have time to check the answers and do not get confused.
A Similar exercise applied to children of younger school age with the development of reading skills. Preferred age is 7-9 years.
Perhaps many are already familiar with this occupation, it can be used in the form of games or as a test of attentiveness. The point is simple. The teacher encourages the child list of colors: red, blue, green, yellow, purple, etc., but their names are written in a different color. For example, the word “yellow” written in red, “blue” green etc.The task of the student is to look at the word and say what color it is. Might look like exercise, shown in the figure below.
If the ten color-words named correctly was 9, then the child has a high level of attention. If 6-8 — medium. If 5 or less — low. In cases with a low level of exercise should be carried out daily, breaking with the game and other tasks that the child is not bored and not acted up. This job is best shapes the development of attention in younger schoolchildren, the exercise of this kind is not only interesting, but also develop the skill of reading.
In trainings on the development of attention in primary school exercise on the theme “Association” included as an extra. However, they are perfectly help your child develop this skill, as abstract thinking, and learn to draw.
Before the game, adults, a list of items or objects on the principle of “from simple to complex" in General should be no more than 10 phrases. For example: house, Bush, chicken, joyful child, writing man, mom's cooking, a teacher at the blackboard, the ball is in the sky. The task of the baby first listen to the whole list, then within 20 seconds fast figuratively to sketch things, so then he was able to reproduce the entire list in pictures.
If in 20 seconds the baby does not manage to portray all the grown-up dictates the list again. A maximum of dictations: 3 times.
So amusingly called a games for development of memory and attention for young children. In the process of the child is formed not only these skills, but also spatial thinking.
For the game you will need several blank sheets of paper and ordinary buttons. The first opponent draws three buttons and puts them on your sheet of paper in a certain order, gives the second player (child) to remember the position of the button (maximum 20 seconds), then closes the set with a second sheet of paper. The task of the baby on your sheet, place the buttons in the same order as his opponent (adult or child). Over time, depending on the age or development, can complicate the game: add more buttons to line sheet in the cells and put buttons in them.
The Development of memory, attention, thinking, side by side comes with the expanding horizons of the child that is not without skill in reading and writing. So, the next game is aimed at the formation of this ability.
The Child is offered a sheet with randomly spaced letters. The kid needs at the direction of the adults to gather from the letters of the word. For example, the adult says, “Show me how to write your name», — and the baby, reciting, shows on the letters of his name in a certain order.
The Level of attention depends on the child's ability to self-control if the baby will learn to soothe themselves, no shouts and comments adults, he will make another step towards the successful formation of selective attention. This game is suitable for children of kindergarten age.
Caregiver or the parent tells the child (perhaps children) that they — the hunters and they needed to listen to every sound in “the forest” not to miss a good catch. Some time the children should sit in silence (5 minutes). Then tell an adult what they heard. This may be a creaking door or floorboard, the noise of the cars outside the window.
The game can be connected and other adults who will create any sounds. For example, the ringing of a bell or the rustling of leaves, if there is no wind. Here children need not only to hear any sounds, but to remember them, then to tell. So developing attention and memory, and motor skills of the child.
Thus, the features of development of attention of each individual child, but methods invented by teachers and speech therapists, allow you to ultimately all children grow and live happy, fulfilling lives, without having problems with the mechanism of attention.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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