Internationalisms: examples in history

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2018-06-10 09:00:56

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The Emergence of States often the on the principle “if the stars are lit it means that someone who needs it”. Every time this process is accompanied by noticeable changes in the surrounding world. Fashion changes, principles, traditions, and sometimes changes the structure of the language. Trendsetter has always been the center of cultural and political life of the world, who had the ability to change geographical location. Greece, Italy, France, Germany, England for many centuries passed each other “palm”. The result was the assimilation of many professional terms and common words, the system of the peoples of Europe and Asia, which have become examples of internationalisms. However, there was a process over many decades.

internationalisms examples

Meaning of the term

The Presence of foreign or borrowed words in the native language does not bother anyone. Meanwhile, a special place among them occupy internationalisms. Examples allow us to conclude that these words have common semantics in a number of languages, and a fully (or partially) coincide in meaning and often indicate the terms of international significance.

Language

Russian translation

Word

Russian, Bulgarian

The Situation

The situation

Czech

The Situation

Situace

English, French, German

The Situation

The Situation

Polish

The Situation

Situacja

Italian

The Situation

The Situation

Spanish

The Situation

Situacion

Arabic

Independence

Iistikial

Turkish

Independence

Istiki&goiânia;l

Afghan

Independence

Istikiál

Persian

Independence

Esteglal

Sample words-of internationalisms sometimes retain a sound structure from language to language, along with the semantics.

Language

The Semantics and meaning in different languages

Word

Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian

Remains

The Atom

Czech, Polish, English, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Albanian

An Atom

German

An Atom

French

Atome

Spanish, Italian

Atomo

Finnish

Atomi

Latvian

Atoms

There are so-called pseudointernational – word, is virtually identical in pronunciation and spelling but with different meanings. They can be called interlingual paronyms. They occur quite frequently in all languages. This is clearly seen in a comparative analysis of Russian and English languages.

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The English form of the word

Translations into Russian language

Incorrect translation to Russian language

Accurate

Accurate

Neat.

The Actual

Actual, current

The Actual

Aggressive

Energetic, initiative

Aggressive

Alley

Lane

Alley

Ammunition

Ammunition

Ammunition

Anecdote

Interesting, or instructive incident from the life of famous people

Anecdote

Angina

Angina

Sore throat.

Causes of pseudointernational a few:

  • Random accord;
  • Both words derived from the same root, of any ancient language, but are different meaning;
  • After borrowing the meaning of the word has changed in relation to adaptation to language.

Historical background of occurrence of internationalisms

The Life and development of the individual peoples do not go unnoticed by the General public. Thus, the development of the Greek school of philosophy, culture, left a rich legacy of examples of internationalisms in Russian language. The emergence of capitalism has influenced people all over the world, making the composition of languages new words that are pronounced the same and hadthe same conceptual and semantic load.

The Passion of the Russian nobility of the French language has also made a contribution to the development of the language. Many French words in the modern society is not even perceived as borrowed, and are an example of words, internationalisms in Russian language.

The Dominance of England in the political, economic and cultural life of Europe of the 19th – early 20th century opens the door for a flood of English words in national languages all over the world.

internationalisms examples of the words

Geography loan words

Supplier of internationalisms is not only the domination of individual Nations, but also useful properties of objects and customs or the originality of the phenomena manifested in certain geographical conditions. This happens in the case of recognition of the uniqueness and universality of things and events for most of humanity. This example from the history of internationalisms are small words used in the modern world almost everywhere.

Word

The meaning of the word and geographical distribution

Language

Mazurka

The name of the dance/ prevalent in Europe.

Polish

Sauna.

The Healing tradition of the Northern peoples/ distributed in Eurasia, America

Finnish

Algebra, number, algorithm

Mathematical terms/ widespread

Arabic

Coffee.

Invigorating drink/ widespread

Arabic

Ginseng, tea

A Drink with medicinal properties/ widespread

The Chinese

Ju-Jutsu (JIU-jitsu)

Martial art (“the invisible art of killing without weapons")/ widespread

Japanese (syllable “g” in Japanese language there, so his pronunciation is a mistake)

Veranda

The extension to the house/ widespread

The Indian

Enumerated list is not exhaustive, but only indicative.

internationalisms in Russian language examples

Greek-Latin sources of internationalisms

The Borrowed words differ not only in degree of assimilation, the preservation of semantics and meaning, but also by origin. A large number of examples of internationalisms in the modern world have Greek and Latin roots. In a detailed analysis, you notice that the borrowings relate to professional terminology, science, philosophy. Examples of internationalisms are words, and the whole phraseological expressions. The Latin language, though called “dead”, but is successfully used in medicine, physics, biology and other Sciences. Known forms of borrowing is:

  • Greek and Latin root words;
  • Prefixes and affixes;
  • The entire word.

The Greek word in the Russian version

The Latin word in the Russian version

The Greek prefixes in the Russian version

Latin prefixes in the Russian version

Greek affixes in the Russian version

Latin affixes in the Russian version

Greco-Latin words in the Russian version

The Atom

Matter

Bio

Socio-

-graphy

Al

Sociology

Automatic

The Principle of

Geo-

Aqua

-logy

-AP

The TV

Democracy

The Individual

Hydro-

Ferro-

-metry

-AlN

Socialism

The Philosophy

The Republic

Anthropo-

Inter-

-Phil

-ARN,

Biathlon

Dialectic

Progress

Neo-

Sub-

FOB

Cheers

Futurology

The Thesis

Poly-

Super-

-OID

-Oriya

Fluoroscopy

Synthesis

The Faculty

Pseudo-

Quasi-

-edited

-tion

Carcinogen

The Universality of the Latin language that in the preparation of new terms you can use any of its elements.

examples of internationalism

Italy

Change the direction of economic development in the direction of capitalism contributed to the enrichment of European languages examples of internationalisms in the financial sector, construction, painting and music. Italy in this case was a trendsetter.

Internationalisms of Italian descent

Russian translation

Banca

The Bank

Credito

Kredit

Saldo

Balance.

Facciata

The Façade

Balcone

Balcony.

Sonata

Sonata

Ponte Romano

Battalion

examples of internationalism from history

France

17-18-th century marked a new example of internationalism in the language and culture of Europeans. The dominant state in the field of fashion, social life, cooking was France. A Greco-Roman word became internationalisms due to the French revolutionary movements, such as: revolution, the Constitution, patriotism, proletarian and many others.

Internationalisms of French origin

Russian translation

Mode

Fashion

Etiquette

Etiquette

Boudoire

Boudoir

Bouillon

Broth,

Omelette

Scrambled eggs

Delicat

Delicate

Elegant

Elegant

examples of internationalism in the modern world

England

Social, political and economic life of Europe is generously filled up by words from the English language. It should be noted that England had at one time the most powerful Navy and was the leader of the trade relations with the world. Trade-diplomatic mission had carried with them and a part of English culture and traditions in every colony and the country's allies.

Internationalisms of English origin

Russian translation

The Interview

The interview

The Leader

The leader

Dumping

Dumping

Export

Export

Record

The record

Comfort

Comfort

Jeans

Jeans

internationalisms examples of words in Russian

Germany

Despite conflicting opinions about the presence of numerous borrowings from German, linguists have concluded the opposite trend. In Germany, 40% of the words are internationalisms, with the vast majority of them - Anglo-Americanisms. In this regard, was released dictionary Anglizismenliste. It is intended for search and replacement of Americanisms equivalent German words, leaving right of choice for users. The lost identity of the German language is relevant in the present time. Some words of daily use still come from Germany.

Internationalisms of German descent

Russian translation

Drell

The Drill

Kran

The Crane

Gefreiter

Corporal

Bombarder

Bombardier

Ramin

Fireplace

Flpenstock

Trekking poles

Hantel

Dumbbell

Conclusion

Borrowed the word appeared in Russian not sudden. It is progressive, systematic centuries-old process. Upgrade word examples of internationalisms in the Russian language contributed to the different extralinguistic factors (migration, changes in political, economic, social system, etc.). Subject to the availability of borrowed words in the native language a matter of debates among linguists. For example, Germany can be argued that disputes are groundless and compliance"Golden mean" definitely.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/13532-internationalisms.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/24201-internacionalizmy-pryklady-g-story.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/24225-internacionalizmy-beispiele-in-der-geschichte.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/24245-internacionalizmy-ejemplos-en-la-historia.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/13551-internationalisms.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/13555-internationalisms.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/24184-internacionalizmy-mysaldar-tarihy.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/24134-internacionalizmy-przyk-ady-w-historii.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/24132-internacionalizmy-exemplos-na-hist-ria.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/24195-internacionalizmy-rnekler-hikayeler.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/24173-nternac-onal-zmi-prikladi-v-stor.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/14274-internationalisms.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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