Chemical composition coffee beans

Today coffee – this is one of the most common drinks in the world. The historical homeland is Africa and there is nothing surprising in the fact that the most elite varieties of the drink obtained from raw materials grown on this continent. Each coffee beans the composition is rich in complex organic substances.

Outside of Africa, coffee is grown by craftsmen from Central America and the Caribbean Islands. Drink of these beans is endowed with special taste, aroma and texture. In South America for the production of coffee is Brazil mainly. The quality here is also much appreciated. A number of countries in Southeast Asia also made their contributions.

What good is a coffee?

Is only aloud to mention coffee, as we can immediately experience all this pleasant aroma delicious and unique drink. The teas also do not lose its relevance among many people for a long time, there are discussions about who is better to give preference. Speaking about the benefits of coffee, the first to mention his high qualities:

• A Stimulating effect.
• Tonic effect.
• High percentage of antioxidant.
• Decreases the risk of several diseases.

The Stimulatory effect is due to the caffeine content, which is known by everyone who takes this drink in the morning. What is there special? The fact that this active component, which is included in the chemical composition of coffee beans significantly improved circulation of the brain, while often activated short-term memory. Due to this, person can promptly take the necessary decisions.

Toning effect also is beneficial to the human body. About stress, apathy, lethargy, drowsiness and other similar symptoms can be forgotten, as the coffee helps to combat these diseases.

Everyone knows that during the interaction of iron with oxygen (which is full in the air), it begins to rust over time. Something similar happens in our body and take part in this oxygen free radicals. The antioxidants from these radicals neytralizuya, and the greater their concentration in the body, the better the protection. In one consumed the morning Cup of coffee contains up to 1 gram of nutrients that is a quarter of the daily allowance.

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If you regularly use such invigorating drink, you can protect yourself from many risks:

• Cancer of the liver;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• Diabetes;
• Alcoholic cirrhosis.

But if you have to refrain from adding sugar to the drink – tooth decay is not terrible! Also protected are immune and digestive system.

Is There any harm?!

Despite all the advantages, which give the coffee beans, the composition is This can bring harm. Over time, the addiction appears – if the person is a long time without coffee, he is attacked drowsiness, fatigue, headache, and in some cases the pain may appear in the muscles.

The impact is not only on physical but also mental level. While in the body there is the caffeine, people most of the time spends in the excited state. But in his absence to avoid the appearance of irritability, depression and lethargy.

Coffee may help strengthen the heart and vascular system. Therefore excessive consumption of the drink leads to the inevitable deterioration of the heart.

In addition, it is a good diuretic effect, and too often his technique leads to rapid aging of the organism as a whole, together with water and salts washed out most of useful minerals. Among them – the calcium and magnesium. With their apparent lack of increased risk of osteoporosis or heart disease.

Pregnant women should never drink coffee beans. The composition of the unborn baby has the same effect as an adult. But to have an addiction, will need very small dose, so expectant mothers better to completely abstain from this drink.

General information about the chemical composition of the drink

The nature has tried and has given coffee a variety. As shown by modern technologies in the field of determination of chemical composition in the grains is present in approximately two thousand different components. A detailed study was awarded to only a few hundred. Thanks to this combination, we feel the flavor and taste of the drink. Each type of coffee has its own individual set of substances.

Rich chemical composition of coffee, as well as the percentage of all substances due to climate and soil characteristics in field cultivation. And features of flavor and aroma depend on the technology of the roasting and brewing of the drink.

As a result – natural components undergo complex transformations at the chemical level. And as a result of processing the coffee beans the composition is changing. Moreover, specialists of many countries of the world are trying to grasp the essence of the processes.

Green beans

Green coffee day by day becoming more populardespite the fact that is not cheap. While there are both supporters and opponents. The first one is considered his drink, endowed with healing properties, and a second generally recommend to stay away from him as possible. In fact, it's just contradiction.

Grain, which is not subjected to the procedure of roasting, contain large amounts of antioxidants and valuable minerals. So in raw product are many:

• Caffeine. It it gives the coffee an invigorating and tonic effect. Also there is another alkaloid-theobromine, which is able to regulate the concentration of glucose in the blood.
• Of Tannin. Is a tannic substance with antibacterial properties, which helps to eliminate heavy toxins from the body. Also allows to strengthen blood vessels, improve digestion and accelerate tissue regeneration.
• Chlorogenic acids Effective antioxidant of plant origin, which contains only raw grains, as the temperature of 200-250°C (roast) leads to its destruction. Due to its presence in the coffee beans, the fats do not accumulate in the body, metabolism is improved and the digestive and circulatory system returns to normal.
• Theophylline. Improves the composition of blood, reducing the risk of blood clots. Also responsible for normalization of work of organs of the respiratory system, abdomen, heart.
• Amino acids. Our immune system increases its protective function, increasing the tone of the vascular system, the appetite comes back to normal. In addition, a person can gain the desired muscle mass.
• Lipids. These substances have a beneficial effect on the nervous system.
• Fiber. If in the body enough amount of these substances, it is possible to avoid the risk of development of cancer tumors. Cholesterol is well controlled, in addition, digestion, and performance of the small pelvis organs back to normal.
• Trigonelline. Thanks to him, the pressure comes to normal metabolism is maintained at an optimum level, improves the function of the brain and formation of blood cells.
• Essential oils. Act as a sedative, improve digestion, have a beneficial effect on the respiratory system. But most importantly, the substances can eliminate harmful microorganisms.

It is Worth noting that theobromine in the composition of coffee beans is a kind of analogue of caffeine. As you can see, unprocessed grains have more beneficial properties. Not accidentally recommended to use exactly green coffee beans for weight loss.

Roasted raw material

During the procedure, heat treatment beans reduces some of the moisture (14-23%), but at the cost of gas purchased for extra volume. Most of the substances contained in the raw beans, during the roasting to form new connections. As a result of chemical composition becomes richer. In this case, 800 components form the taste.

In Addition, the heat treatment of the beans gives the coffee a pleasant aroma, the grains will acquire all recognizable shade of dark. Roasting on tannin acts destructively. And as this component gives the drink a bitter taste, it is worth careful approach to the process.

The Unique flavor is obtained and with the participation of trigonelline that during roasting is converted to nicotinic acid. Caffeine at the same time becomes more. Learn more about it below.

Caffeine

The Majority of people are the caffeine and theobromine in the composition of coffee beans in the form of a brown powder. Actually both of these substances are crystals of white color or is colorless, which is bitter to the taste. He removes our bodies from a sleeping state and gives us courage in the morning.

For the First time about the caffeine people discovered in 1819 by the German chemist Ferdinand Runge. He also gave it its name. But in 1828, two chemist and pharmacist and France Joseph Bienaime Caventou and Pierre Joseph Pelletier were able to caffeine in its pure form. An invaluable contribution to the development of this substance put Emil Hermann Fischer, who first mastered the artificial synthesis of caffeine.

Where does such a well-known component? Usually it is obtained from a number of plants:

• Tea;
• Coffee tree;
• The fruits of guarana;
• Cola nuts;
• Cacao;
• Yerba mate.

Besides, It helps to know how much of it is contained in different types of products.

The Approximate concentration of the active substance:

• Cup of tea – 15-75 mg;
• Cup custard coffee – 97-125 mg;
• Cup of chocolate (100g) – 30 mg;
• Cup of cocoa – 10-17 mg;
• Cup instant coffee – 31-70 mg;
• Coca-Cola (100g) – 14 mg;
• Energy drink (0,25 l) 30-80 mg.

A Wide range of coffee and tea due to the variety and cooking method.

Theobromine

Being a member of coffee beans and the caffeine and theobromine affect the psychometrika of a person. You can also highlight other qualities of theobromine:

• Interacts with alkalis and acids;
• Does not decompose in air;
• Practically insoluble in water;
• Is in a solid state;
• Crystal structure;
• Has a bitter taste.

Theobromine formula –C₇H₈O₂N₄, which shows that the substance is a compound of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. It is contained in cocoa beans, Cola nuts, as they are rich in trees of the family Paulovich. The leaves of the tea tree and coffee beans contain a small amount.

Dosage of coffee

If you occasionally drink a drink, then the nervous system is stimulated for a period of time. The excess of the average dosage leads to loss of the incentive effect. Causing the nervous system is depleted.

With long-term coffee consumption appears “drug” dependence, the degree of which depends on the individual characteristics of the organism. For this reason, it is impossible to establish how much time it would take, as in each case the reaction to the stimulus of its own.

Many researchers are studying how much caffeine and theobromine in the composition of the grains of different varieties of coffee. But we as fans are much more interested in another question: "What quantity of drink can result in death?". According to experts for a limited period of time you need to drink 80-100 cups. Fortunately, for us impossible to handle this amount of drink, no matter how delicious it may be.